{
 "profile": "data-package",
 "name": "the-seams-of-the-law-data",
 "id": "https://future-seems-so-good.com/blog/assets/the-seams-of-the-law/data/datapackage.json",
 "title": "The seams of the law: the data behind the book",
 "description": "Brazil's statute book read all at once in October 2026: 323,868 norms of the Union, 24 states and the Federal District, classified, measured as a space of vectors, wired into a graph of citations and revocations, and searched for seams, the boundaries across which the law treats equivalent situations differently. The tables give the classes, the basis, the copy families, the status of every norm, the numeric lines, definitions, state and federal tax regimes, the cost of each way of buying work, the 2026-2040 calendar, forced markets, conflicts with the Constitution, 77 lawful strategies with two red teams' verdicts, and who pays for each seam. The module reports and the code that made them come with it.",
 "homepage": "https://future-seems-so-good.com/blog/the-seams-of-the-law",
 "version": "1.0.0",
 "created": "2026-10-16T00:00:00Z",
 "spatial": "Brazil",
 "licenses": [
  {
   "name": "CC-BY-4.0",
   "path": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
   "title": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0"
  }
 ],
 "keywords": [
  "Brazil",
  "law",
  "legislation",
  "statutes",
  "tax reform",
  "ICMS",
  "IBS",
  "CBS",
  "Simples Nacional",
  "MEI",
  "labour law",
  "tax expenditures",
  "regulatory asymmetries",
  "legal informatics",
  "open data"
 ],
 "contributors": [
  {
   "title": "Martin Roark",
   "path": "https://future-seems-so-good.com",
   "role": "author"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "title": "ctresb/leis, commit 51dc03f (texts downloaded on 13 October 2026)",
   "path": "https://github.com/ctresb/leis"
  }
 ],
 "resources": [
  {
   "name": "corpus-federal-repairs",
   "path": "tables/corpus/federal-repairs.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Federal norms whose corpus text was replaced or completed from the official compilation",
   "description": "One row per federal norm whose corpus text was replaced or supplied from an official source: 976 norms, 19 of them new to the corpus. Where the corpus held only a fragment (a rectification notice, the promulgation of overridden vetoes, a partial republication), the full enacted text came from normas.leg.br, the federal legislation portal; for key laws, for fragments that portal could not repair and for amended laws whose text lacked later amendments, the compiled current text came from planalto.gov.br, the Presidency's legislation site. A text labelled 'original (reparado)' is the law as enacted, not as amended; a compiled text is current to the date its page was fetched (October 2026).",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 216301,
   "hash": "sha256:4f59013cb4b64181f76a941a0a4fcfd651febbb6b7d51458e4843fdd4dcab103",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus, a path-like string of sphere, folder, year and file name (e.g. federal/leis-ordinarias/2021/lei-14133-2021-04-01.md); joins all norm-level tables"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as printed in its header, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Decreto-Lei nº 157 de 31/12/1937')"
     },
     {
      "name": "versao_texto",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "version of the text now in use, in Portuguese: 'compilada planalto (reparado)' compiled current text from planalto.gov.br (666 norms), 'original (reparado)' enacted text from normas.leg.br (309), 'republicação integral (reparado)' a genuine full republication (1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_chars",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "characters in the repaired text (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_art",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "article headings that belong to the norm itself in the repaired text, inserted '-A' articles included (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_art_quoted",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "article headings inside quoted new wording for other laws, i.e. amendments this norm makes elsewhere (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "base_versao",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "version label of the text the corpus held before the repair: 'republicação/retificação' republication or rectification, 'original' enacted text, 'compilada (texto vigente)' compiled current text from normas.leg.br; empty for the 19 norms new to the corpus"
     },
     {
      "name": "base_n_chars",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "characters in the corpus text before the repair (count); empty for norms new to the corpus"
     },
     {
      "name": "base_n_art",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "own article headings in the corpus text before the repair (count); empty for norms new to the corpus"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the official page the repaired text was taken from (planalto.gov.br or normas.leg.br)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "corpus",
   "chapter": "The corpus",
   "rows": 976,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/00-repair/repaired.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "corpus-federal-missing",
   "path": "tables/corpus/federal-missing.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Federal norms the official index lists and the corpus lacks",
   "description": "One row per federal norm that the official index lists but the corpus downloader could not obtain, and that a second attempt tried to recover: 214 of the 261 the downloader logged. Each was requested again from normas.leg.br and then from planalto.gov.br, keeping a text only if its title carried the norm's number and year; 20 now have a text (18 added as new norms, 2 empty records filled) and 194, all from before 1988, were found nowhere. The 45 logged entries without a plain number (unnumbered imperial laws, Lei 312-A/1936 and similar) were not tried and have no row.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 40264,
   "hash": "sha256:7cfced181e994e02606bcf856906bc689861e4c0b759da739639429dba837c47",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus (path-like string of sphere, folder, year and file name); for norms added here, the key they now have"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title, in Portuguese; empty for the 194 norms not found"
     },
     {
      "name": "downloader_status",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "why the original download failed, as the corpus downloader logged it: 'sem_texto' (the portal listed the norm but served no text or an empty document) or 'erro' (the download broke)"
     },
     {
      "name": "in_base",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true if the corpus catalog already had a row for the norm (an empty document), false if the norm was absent"
     },
     {
      "name": "decision",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "outcome: 'added' (a text was found and a new norm created), 'repaired' (an existing empty record filled), 'not found'"
     },
     {
      "name": "source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "where the recovered text came from: 'normas.leg.br' or 'planalto.gov.br'; empty if not found"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_chars",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "characters in the recovered text (count); empty if not found"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_art",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "own article headings in the recovered text (count); empty if not found"
     },
     {
      "name": "reason",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "plain-English account of what each source returned (e.g. 'normas.leg.br lists no publication (HTTP 200); no planalto page at the expected addresses')"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the page the recovered text was taken from; empty if not found"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "corpus",
   "chapter": "The corpus",
   "rows": 214,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/00-repair/missing.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "corpus-federal-revocations-confirmed",
   "path": "tables/corpus/federal-revocations-confirmed.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Federal revocations confirmed against the official compilation",
   "description": "One row per federal law that the corpus catalog lists as in force but whose compiled page on planalto.gov.br, the Presidency's legislation site, says was revoked in whole: 125 laws. Found while checking texts against planalto; the corpus flag comes from normas.leg.br, which marks only explicit 'not in force' records, so it misses these revocations. The list covers only the laws checked against planalto, not all federal law.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 22304,
   "hash": "sha256:4055aea7e97d551799d5b6d66fcea3c8e0cb1d96c1eeda2a77c3a6f7c7092250",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus (path-like string of sphere, folder, year and file name)"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Decreto-Lei nº 103 de 23/12/1937')"
     },
     {
      "name": "revoked_by",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the revoking act as planalto's note names it, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Lei nº 10.848, de 2004')"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the planalto.gov.br page that records the revocation"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "corpus",
   "chapter": "The corpus",
   "rows": 125,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/00-repair/revoked.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "corpus-census-by-part",
   "path": "tables/corpus/census-by-part.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Norms in the corpus by part (the Union, each state) and folder",
   "description": "One row per part of the corpus and folder: how many norms of each kind the corpus holds for the 1988 Constitution, federal law and each of the 24 states and the Federal District. Counted in the corpus catalog, which matched the coverage table published with the source corpus to the unit. The counts are of the base corpus, 323,849 norms, before the federal repair added 19 norms (see corpus/federal-repairs), so federal law here is 19 short of the 323,868 total; Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 4036,
   "hash": "sha256:ca1e1f6ade2c7737d98af973d42973c53396882bd416b8c972b9ce9d5ca499a6",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "esfera",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "sphere, in Portuguese: 'constituicao' the 1988 Federal Constitution, 'federal' federal law, 'estadual' state law (the Federal District included)"
     },
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'cf' for the Federal Constitution, 'federal', or the two-letter code of the state (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "pasta",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "folder, i.e. kind of norm, in Portuguese: leis-ordinarias ordinary laws; leis-complementares complementary laws (LC: laws on matters the constitution reserves to them, passed by absolute majority); emendas-constitucionais constitutional amendments; constituicao the state's constitution (or the Federal Constitution); constituicoes-historicas earlier state constitutions; decretos-lei decree-laws (executive acts with the force of law, mostly 1937-1946 and 1965-1988); decretos-lei-complementares complementary decree-laws; leis-delegadas laws issued by the executive under a legislative delegation; leis-promulgadas laws promulgated by the legislature itself (veto overridden or sanction withheld); leis-constitucionais constitutional laws; lei-organica and emendas-lei-organica the Federal District's organic law (its constitution) and its amendments"
     },
     {
      "name": "n",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms in the corpus (count)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "corpus",
   "chapter": "The corpus",
   "rows": 119,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/01-verify/census_part_pasta.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "corpus-census-reconciliation",
   "path": "tables/corpus/census-reconciliation.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Corpus counts reconciled against official indexes",
   "description": "One row per part (every state and the Federal District, Paraná and Rio de Janeiro with zero, the Federal Constitution and federal law): the counts declared in the coverage table published with the source corpus, set against the counts in the corpus catalog. Columns starting with cob_ are the declared figures, the unprefixed columns are counted in the catalog, and d_ columns are catalog minus declared; every difference is zero. Counts are of the base corpus before the federal repair added 19 norms.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 3569,
   "hash": "sha256:337603a5632e1fa1682fbf86eb72b89335ed557f579f2cf04c8a687adec70fd2",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'cf' for the Federal Constitution, 'federal', or the two-letter state code (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "cob_total",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "norms the coverage table declares for the part (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "cob_const",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "whether the coverage table says the state's constitution is included: 'sim' (yes) or 'não' (no); empty for federal law and the Constitution"
     },
     {
      "name": "cob_lo",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "ordinary laws declared (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "cob_lc",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "complementary laws declared (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "cob_ec",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "constitutional amendments declared (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "cob_outras",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "norms of other kinds declared, such as delegated laws, decree-laws and promulgated laws (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "cob_ocr",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "texts the coverage table says were read by OCR from scanned PDFs (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "cob_sem_texto",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the coverage table's note on norms obtained without text, in Portuguese, with counts by cause (e.g. 'sem arquivo: 11' no file; 'HTTP 404'; 'documento vazio' empty document; 'erro' download error; 'só PDF' PDF only; 'PDF sem texto legível (nem por OCR)' PDF unreadable even by OCR)"
     },
     {
      "name": "total",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "norms in the corpus catalog (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_const",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "constitutions and organic laws in the catalog (folders constituicao, constituicoes-historicas, lei-organica; count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "lo",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "ordinary laws in the catalog, promulgated laws included (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "lc",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "complementary laws in the catalog (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ec",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "amendments to the constitution or to the Federal District's organic law in the catalog (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "outras",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "other norms in the catalog: total minus the four kinds above; for federal law mostly decree-laws (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "d_total",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "total minus cob_total (count; 0 means the catalog matches the declaration); empty where nothing is declared"
     },
     {
      "name": "d_lo",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "lo minus cob_lo (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "d_lc",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "lc minus cob_lc (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "d_ec",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "ec minus cob_ec (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "d_outras",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "outras minus cob_outras (count)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "corpus",
   "chapter": "The corpus",
   "rows": 29,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/01-verify/census_reconcile.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "corpus-completeness-by-series",
   "path": "tables/corpus/completeness-by-series.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Share of each numbered series present in the corpus",
   "description": "One row per numbered series of laws: federal ordinary laws from 1946, federal complementary laws from 1967, the federal decree-laws of 1937-1946 and of 1965-1988, and each state's ordinary laws and, where numbered separately, complementary laws, from the start of the state's current numbering. Laws are numbered in sequence, so every number from 1 to the last should exist; the table counts the numbers present in the corpus and the gaps, with completeness measured from number 1 and completeness_in_window over the stretch the source actually covers. The table holds the uncorrected counts: counting numbers printed only in titles, Rio Grande do Norte has 32.7% of its ordinary-law numbers (16.2% here), and against Lei 4.778 of March 2026 Acre has 45% (99.0% here, measured against its last file, Lei 2.179 of 2009); corpus/informational-asymmetries applies both corrections. Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 5315,
   "hash": "sha256:991830182d8da704db985cfeb61a1bc8a32925e969ee74e57adfb5b010b58da7",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'federal' or the two-letter state code (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "series",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the numbered series: 'lo' ordinary laws, 'lc' complementary laws, 'dl-1937' federal decree-laws of 1937-1946, 'dl-1965' federal decree-laws of 1965-1988"
     },
     {
      "name": "folders",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus folders that make up the series, joined with '+'"
     },
     {
      "name": "start_year",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year the current numbering starts (set by hand from the data)"
     },
     {
      "name": "end_year",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "last year of a closed series (the decree-law series); empty for open series"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_number_in_corpus",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "lowest number of the series present in the corpus"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_year_in_corpus",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of that lowest number"
     },
     {
      "name": "last_number",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "the series' last number: the highest number among laws dated in its last two years; higher numbers are treated as misnumbered"
     },
     {
      "name": "last_year",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the last number"
     },
     {
      "name": "members",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "records of the series in the corpus dated from the start year (count; can exceed distinct numbers when a number repeats)"
     },
     {
      "name": "distinct_present",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "distinct numbers from 1 to last_number present in the corpus (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "missing",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "numbers from 1 to last_number with no norm in the corpus (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "completeness",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "distinct_present divided by last_number (share from 0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "window_from_number",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "first number of the stretch the source covers (the 0.5th percentile of consistently dated numbers)"
     },
     {
      "name": "window_from_year",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of window_from_number"
     },
     {
      "name": "completeness_in_window",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of the numbers from window_from_number to last_number that are present (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "missing_in_falhas",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "missing numbers that appear in the corpus downloader's failure logs, i.e. listed by the portal but not served (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "missing_in_senado_index",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "for federal ordinary and complementary laws, missing numbers listed in the Senate's open-data index of laws (count); empty for other series"
     },
     {
      "name": "typos",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "isolated numbers far above the rest, dropped as typing errors (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "above_last",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms numbered above last_number, i.e. misnumbered or misdated (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "date_outliers",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms whose year is more than 2 years from the median year of their 20 nearest numbers (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "repeated_numbers",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "numbers that occur more than once in the series (count)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "corpus",
   "chapter": "The corpus",
   "rows": 53,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/01-verify/completeness_series.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "corpus-completeness-by-decade",
   "path": "tables/corpus/completeness-by-decade.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Completeness of the corpus by decade",
   "description": "One row per numbered series and decade: how many of the numbers issued in that decade the corpus holds. A missing number's decade is estimated by interpolating between the dates of the numbers present around it, so the split of numbers across decades is approximate. Same series and same uncorrected counts as corpus/completeness-by-series; Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 8366,
   "hash": "sha256:094dbe11fa731ca802f2f7d39d8e6716d5c14aa6c5d38a84a00c657b6bf95d74",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'federal' or the two-letter state code (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "series",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'lo' ordinary laws, 'lc' complementary laws, 'dl-1937' federal decree-laws of 1937-1946, 'dl-1965' federal decree-laws of 1965-1988"
     },
     {
      "name": "decade",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "first year of the decade of (estimated) issue, e.g. 1990 for 1990-1999"
     },
     {
      "name": "numbers",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "numbers of the series issued in the decade (count, estimated for missing numbers)"
     },
     {
      "name": "present",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "of those, numbers present in the corpus (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "completeness",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "present divided by numbers (share from 0 to 1)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "corpus",
   "chapter": "The corpus",
   "rows": 332,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/01-verify/completeness_decade.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "corpus-text-fidelity",
   "path": "tables/corpus/text-fidelity.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Corpus texts compared with the official source",
   "description": "One row per norm in a 40-norm sample drawn in 15 strata (federal compiled and enacted texts; the scanned and text-layer PDFs of Paraíba, Rondônia, Piauí and Pará; HTML texts of SP, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Rio Grande do Sul and Bahia), whose official source was downloaded again on 15 October 2026 and compared with the corpus text. Similarities are character-sequence ratios from 0 to 1 on normalized text; scanned PDFs without a text layer could not be compared by machine and were read by eye. All 32 machine-comparable texts match their source, so the corpus's defects are the sources' own; 40 norms are too few to estimate error rates by state, and federal texts were compared with normas.leg.br only, the corpus's own source.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 10951,
   "hash": "sha256:141ae97b8aa3bfafec94624bec1fa2904975acf35b54dd67e5899347127453cc",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "n",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "sample number (1 to 40)"
     },
     {
      "name": "stratum",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "sampling stratum: 'federal-compilada' federal compiled current text, 'federal-original' federal enacted text, '<UF>-ocr' state text the corpus marks as OCR of a scanned PDF, '<UF>-texto' state PDF with its own text layer, or the state code alone for HTML sources (SP, MG, GO, RS, BA)"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus (path-like string of sphere, folder, year and file name)"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "source_url",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "official address the text was downloaded from for the comparison"
     },
     {
      "name": "kind",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "format of the official source: 'html' or 'pdf'"
     },
     {
      "name": "fetch_error",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "download error, if any; empty in every row (all 40 sources were fetched)"
     },
     {
      "name": "official_letters",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "letters and digits in the official text (count); 0 where the PDF has no text layer"
     },
     {
      "name": "corpus_letters",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "letters and digits in the corpus text (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "scanned_images",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "for PDFs whose pages are images, the page images rendered for reading by eye, separated by ';' (file references from the original working environment, not part of the release); empty otherwise"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa_match",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "best similarity between the corpus ementa (the norm's official summary) and any stretch of the official text (0 to 1); empty without a text layer"
     },
     {
      "name": "arts_corpus",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "article headings found in the corpus text (count; includes quoted articles of amended laws)"
     },
     {
      "name": "arts_official",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "article headings found in the official text (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "article_checked",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "number of the article drawn at random for the article comparison"
     },
     {
      "name": "article_similarity",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "similarity of that article's first 1,500 characters in the corpus and the official text, matched by article number (0 to 1); empty if the number was not found in the official text"
     },
     {
      "name": "article_match",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "best similarity of the corpus article's first 300 characters against any stretch of the official text (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "text_similarity",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "similarity of the first 6,000 characters from the first article heading on (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "noise",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the corpus text's noise score: share of lowercase words absent from a 58,349-word reference vocabulary of Portuguese legal text (0 to 1; above 0.10 is unreadable)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ocr",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true if the corpus marks the text as OCR of a scanned PDF"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "corpus",
   "chapter": "The corpus",
   "rows": 40,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/01-verify/fidelity.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "corpus-quality-by-part",
   "path": "tables/corpus/quality-by-part.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Empty, unreadable and readable texts by part",
   "description": "One row per part (each state, the Federal District, federal law and the Federal Constitution): norms in each quality tier. Tiers were set by rules on the stored text: A analysis-grade; B usable with care (OCR, light noise, mis-decoded characters, article numbers out of order, duplicate records, missing dates); C unreliable as text (a revocation or veto note in place of the text, an empty body, header and summary only, noise above 10%, another law's text). Counts cover 323,850 norms, the base corpus plus LC 227/2026; a tier judges the text as stored, not whether the norm is in force. Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 851,
   "hash": "sha256:98654cbe0fda0c50521e174b75f890f3f3a65ea52ddab6cfd10613403644b0a8",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'cf' for the Federal Constitution, 'federal', or the two-letter state code (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "a",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms in tier A, analysis-grade (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "b",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms in tier B, usable with care (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms in tier C, unreliable as text (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "pct_a",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "percentage of norms in tier A (0 to 100)"
     },
     {
      "name": "pct_c",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "percentage of norms in tier C (0 to 100)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "corpus",
   "chapter": "The corpus",
   "rows": 27,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/01-verify/quality_by_part.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "corpus-informational-asymmetries",
   "path": "tables/corpus/informational-asymmetries.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Where the statute book cannot be read, ranked",
   "description": "One row per state and the Federal District, ranked, plus a federal row at the end: the share of each part's ordinary laws that a machine reader cannot get as clean text. Coverage is the share of the ordinary-law numbers present in the corpus, clean the share of quality tier A (analysis-grade text) among the laws present, readable their product and asymmetry 1 minus readable. Unlike corpus/completeness-by-series, Rio Grande do Norte counts the numbers carried only in titles and Acre is measured against Lei 4.778 of March 2026, a lower bound for its last number; Paraná and Rio de Janeiro, with nothing collected, are set to 1 although their laws are on official sites for human readers.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 2773,
   "hash": "sha256:788fc4a98d5dc716b6d93b7791332eb9c0c68aefae64bbc8e135f4f778f045b7",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "rank",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "rank by asymmetry among the 26 states and the Federal District, 1 the least readable; empty for the federal row"
     },
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code (UF), or 'federal'"
     },
     {
      "name": "pop2022",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "population in the 2022 Census, from IBGE, the national statistics office (persons); empty for the federal row"
     },
     {
      "name": "last_number",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "last ordinary-law number of the current series (Acre: 4,778, from its official gazette of March 2026); empty for Paraná and Rio de Janeiro"
     },
     {
      "name": "numbers_present",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "distinct ordinary-law numbers present in the corpus (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "coverage",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "numbers_present divided by last_number (share from 0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "note",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "correction applied: 'numbers in titles counted' (Rio Grande do Norte), 'series measured against Lei 4.778/2026; corpus stops at Lei 2.179/2009' (Acre), 'nothing collected' (Paraná, Rio de Janeiro)"
     },
     {
      "name": "norms_in_corpus",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "ordinary laws of the part in the corpus (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "clean",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of those in quality tier A, analysis-grade (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "b_share",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in tier B, usable with care (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_share",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in tier C, unreliable as text (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "consolidated",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share whose text the source labels as the compiled current version (0 to 1); the source's label, not a verification"
     },
     {
      "name": "ocr",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share read by OCR from scanned PDFs (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "readable",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "coverage times clean: share of the part's ordinary laws available as clean text (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "asymmetry",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "1 minus readable (0 to 1; 1 means nothing readable)"
     },
     {
      "name": "people_affected",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "pop2022 times asymmetry, a crude count of inhabitants under state statute law that is hard to read (persons); empty for the federal row"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "corpus",
   "chapter": "The corpus",
   "rows": 28,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/01-verify/asymmetry_ranking.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "corpus-output-by-state-year",
   "path": "tables/corpus/output-by-state-year.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Statutes enacted by each state each year",
   "description": "One row per part (24 states, the Federal District and federal law) and one column per year: the number of laws in the corpus dated that year, counting ordinary, complementary and promulgated laws (not decree-laws, amendments or constitutions). Counted in the corpus catalog by the norm's year; years in which no part has a law have no column, and the federal row reaches back to imperial laws of the 1820s. These are files present, so output is understated where files are missing (Acre after 2009, Tocantins before 2020, Rio Grande do Norte before 2017, Alagoas before 1999, Rio Grande do Sul's 5,569 undigitized laws); Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 13874,
   "hash": "sha256:5bb4dbf57938a793b6143480b7be18d3b9682cb01e38dd23929f918d5baedea0",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code (UF), or 'federal'"
     },
     {
      "name": "1822",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1822 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1823",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1823 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1827",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1827 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1828",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1828 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1829",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1829 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1830",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1830 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1831",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1831 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1832",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1832 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1833",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1833 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1834",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1834 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1835",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1835 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1836",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1836 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1837",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1837 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1838",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1838 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1839",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1839 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1840",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1840 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1841",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1841 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1842",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1842 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1843",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1843 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1844",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1844 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1845",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1845 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1846",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1846 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1847",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1847 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1848",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1848 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1849",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1849 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1850",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1850 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1851",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1851 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1852",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1852 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1853",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1853 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1854",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1854 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1855",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1855 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1856",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1856 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1857",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1857 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1858",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1858 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1859",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1859 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1860",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1860 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1861",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1861 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1862",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1862 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1863",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1863 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1864",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1864 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1865",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1865 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1866",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1866 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1867",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1867 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1868",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1868 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1869",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1869 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1870",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1870 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1871",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1871 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1872",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1872 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1873",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1873 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1874",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1874 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1875",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1875 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1876",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1876 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1877",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1877 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1878",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1878 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1879",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1879 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1880",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1880 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1881",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1881 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1882",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1882 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1883",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1883 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1884",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1884 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1885",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1885 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1886",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1886 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1887",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1887 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1888",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1888 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1889",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1889 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1891",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1891 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1892",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1892 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1893",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1893 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1894",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1894 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1895",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1895 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1896",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1896 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1897",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1897 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1898",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1898 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1899",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1899 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1900",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1900 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1901",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1901 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1902",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1902 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1903",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1903 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1904",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1904 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1905",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1905 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1906",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1906 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1907",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1907 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1908",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1908 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1909",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1909 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1910",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1910 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1911",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1911 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1912",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1912 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1913",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1913 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1914",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1914 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1915",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1915 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1916",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1916 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1917",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1917 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1918",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1918 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1919",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1919 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1920",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1920 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1921",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1921 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1922",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1922 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1923",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1923 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1924",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1924 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1925",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1925 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1926",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1926 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1927",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1927 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1928",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1928 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1929",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1929 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1930",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1930 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1935",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1935 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1936",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1936 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1937",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1937 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1941",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1941 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1942",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1942 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1943",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1943 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1944",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1944 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1945",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1945 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1946",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1946 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1947",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1947 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1948",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1948 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1949",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1949 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1950",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1950 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1951",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1951 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1952",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1952 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1953",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1953 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1954",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1954 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1955",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1955 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1956",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1956 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1957",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1957 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1958",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1958 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1959",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1959 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1960",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1960 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1961",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1961 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1962",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1962 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1963",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1963 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1964",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1964 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1965",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1965 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1966",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1966 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1967",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1967 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1968",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1968 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1969",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1969 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1970",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1970 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1971",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1971 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1972",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1972 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1973",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1973 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1974",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1974 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1975",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1975 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1976",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1976 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1977",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1977 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1978",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1978 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1979",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1979 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1980",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1980 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1981",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1981 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1982",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1982 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1983",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1983 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1984",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1984 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1985",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1985 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1986",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1986 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1987",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1987 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1988",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1988 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1989",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1989 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1990",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1990 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1991",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1991 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1992",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1992 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1993",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1993 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1994",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1994 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1995",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1995 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1996",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1996 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1997",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1997 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1998",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1998 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "1999",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 1999 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2000",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2000 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2001",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2001 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2002",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2002 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2003",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2003 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2004",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2004 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2005",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2005 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2006",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2006 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2007",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2007 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2008",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2008 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2009",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2009 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2010",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2010 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2011",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2011 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2012",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2012 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2013",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2013 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2014",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2014 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2015",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2015 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2016",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2016 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2017",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2017 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2018",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2018 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2019",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2019 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2020",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2020 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2021",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2021 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2022",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2022 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2023",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2023 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2024",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2024 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2025",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2025 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2026",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2026 (count)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "corpus",
   "chapter": "The corpus",
   "rows": 26,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/01-verify/output_state_year.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "corpus-output-per-capita",
   "path": "tables/corpus/output-per-capita.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Statutes per inhabitant by state",
   "description": "One row per state and the Federal District (27 rows): laws in the corpus dated 2015 to 2024, per year and per million inhabitants, using the 2022 Census population from IBGE, the national statistics office. Laws are ordinary, complementary and promulgated laws counted as files in the corpus, so output is understated where files are missing (Acre has none after 2009, Tocantins none before 2020); Paraná and Rio de Janeiro show zero because nothing was collected.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 1172,
   "hash": "sha256:cb87372dd6035dfe91dcef174c4f9876b8f8332e87a75d42795ef00908987ba9",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "uf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code"
     },
     {
      "name": "pop2022",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "population in the 2022 Census (persons)"
     },
     {
      "name": "files_2015_2024",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws in the corpus dated 2015 to 2024 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "files_per_year",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "files_2015_2024 divided by 10 (laws per year)"
     },
     {
      "name": "files_per_year_per_million",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "laws per year per million inhabitants"
     },
     {
      "name": "years_with_zero",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "years from 2015 to 2024 with no law in the corpus (count, 0 to 10)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "corpus",
   "chapter": "The corpus",
   "rows": 27,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/01-verify/output_per_capita.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "corpus-status-coverage",
   "path": "tables/corpus/status-coverage.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "How far the corpus records whether each norm is in force",
   "description": "One row per part: how far the corpus's own status fields record whether each norm is in force, and how they agree with revocation notes printed in the texts. The status text ('situacao') exists only for SP, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Sergipe and the Federal District, and the revoked flag ('revogada') for federal law and those six; the table holds Santa Catarina's flag as first downloaded, true for 22,252 of 22,254 norms because of a downloader bug, a flag that means nothing and has since been cleared. Where there is no flag, revocation notes in the text or the citation graph (wiring/status-summary) are the only machine-readable status.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 1276,
   "hash": "sha256:a37dbe68d7335751e29773754f4347839b4fcbeab50f03d52575934db020efb5",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'cf' for the Federal Constitution, 'federal', or the two-letter state code (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "pct_situacao",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "percentage of norms with a non-empty 'situacao' (status text) field (0 to 100)"
     },
     {
      "name": "pct_revogada_known",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "percentage of norms whose 'revogada' (revoked) flag is set, true or false (0 to 100)"
     },
     {
      "name": "pct_revogada_true",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "percentage flagged revoked among norms with a known flag (0 to 100); empty where there is no flag"
     },
     {
      "name": "situacao_revogada_but_flag_not_true",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms whose status text says revoked ('revogada') while the flag is not true (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "flag_true_but_situacao_other",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms flagged revoked whose status text says something else (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "revocation_note",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms with a revocation note such as 'Revogada pela Lei nº ...' in the first 800 characters of the text (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "note_and_flag_true",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms with a revocation note and the flag true (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "note_but_flag_false",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms with a revocation note but the flag false: revocations the flag misses (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "note_flag_unknown",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms with a revocation note and no flag (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "stubs",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "texts that are only a revocation or veto note: under 600 letters, no article heading (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "stubs_flag_false",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "stubs whose flag says not revoked (count)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "corpus",
   "chapter": "The corpus",
   "rows": 27,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/01-verify/status_coverage.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "made-classes",
   "path": "tables/made/classes.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Norms by functional class, as filed by the classifier",
   "description": "One row for all norms and one for each sphere (state, federal): the share of norms in each functional class and class group, as filed by a rule-based classifier that reads each norm's ementa (official summary) or, failing that, its first article. Counted over the corpus's 323,867 norms (the Federal Constitution left out); bare amendments take the class of the law they amend. These are shares as filed: the classifier's share-weighted precision is 0.845 on a held-out sample of 280 hand-judged norms, and the economica class is right only 45% of the time, so general rules are 17.7% once corrected, not the 24.9% filed (see made/classes-corrected).",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 687,
   "hash": "sha256:70ecdf47770d3d433c56f89d758f744d78cf3ad2481cf69a8fd625f96c46cf8a",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "esfera",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "sphere, in Portuguese: 'todas' all norms, 'estadual' state law (the Federal District included), 'federal' federal law"
     },
     {
      "name": "n",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms (count; the Federal Constitution left out)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_simbolica",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms in the symbolic group (class simbolica: honours, names of places, commemorative dates, declarations of utilidade pública, a status that lets a private association receive public funds) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_atos",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms that are one-off acts (classes orcamentaria, patrimonial, concreta, revogacao) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_estado",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms on the state's own organs and personnel (classes organizacao, pessoal) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_regras",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms that set general rules (normativa: classes tributaria, economica, social, outros) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_sem_texto",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of files with no law text (class sem_ementa) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_simbolica",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class simbolica: honours, names, commemorative dates, utilidade pública declarations (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_orcamentaria",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class orcamentaria: budget laws (PPA, LDO, LOA: the multi-year plan, budget guidelines and yearly budget) and openings of budget credits (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_patrimonial",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class patrimonial: donation, sale, swap or concession of public property, expropriation (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_concreta",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class concreta: other one-off acts (pensions to named people, loans, guarantees, approval of agreements) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_revogacao",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class revogacao: norms that only revoke other norms (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_organizacao",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class organizacao: creation and structure of organs, entities, courts, schools, municipalities (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_pessoal",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class pessoal: civil servants' posts, careers, pay and statutes (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_tributaria",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class tributaria: taxes, fees, tax benefits, tax amnesties, tax administration (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_economica",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class economica: rules for markets, firms, consumers, workers, sectors and the environment (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_social",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class social: health, education, welfare, rights, public security and culture policy (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_outros",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class outros: general rules that fit no other class (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_sem_ementa",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class sem_ementa: files that hold no law text (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "economia",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share flagged as rules on the economy: general rules whose class is economica or tributaria, or that oblige businesses, or whose main theme is economic (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "obriga_empresas",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share with an obligation or prohibition word within 160 characters of a business word (a duty on businesses) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogadas",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share not in force: revoked or struck down by a court as a whole (vigente_flag 'nao') (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "made",
   "chapter": "What the law is made of",
   "rows": 3,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/02-classify/composition_classes.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "made-classes-corrected",
   "path": "tables/made/classes-corrected.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Class shares corrected with the held-out audit, with intervals",
   "description": "One row per functional class and per class group: the number and share of norms the classifier filed in it, and the number and share estimated to truly belong there, corrected with the confusion matrix of a held-out sample of 280 norms judged by hand, with a 95% interval. Because the sample is stratified by predicted class, the true count of a class is the sum, over predicted classes, of the class size times the share of sampled norms truly in it. The filed counts are those of the build the sample was drawn from, which differs from the final build in made/classes by about 1,100 norms (0.35%); the correction applies to the whole corpus only, not to states or decades.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 863,
   "hash": "sha256:5b78ebc3d43e2fb26b1bfa842d26d6de76a165db631c1ab9fbd33a0256e21f65",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "classe",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "class or group: the 12 classes (simbolica, pessoal, orcamentaria, organizacao, social, concreta, patrimonial, economica, tributaria, sem_ementa, revogacao, outros; see made/classes) and four groups: grupo_atos one-off acts (orcamentaria, patrimonial, concreta, revogacao), grupo_estado organs and personnel (organizacao, pessoal), grupo_regras general rules (tributaria, economica, social, outros), economica+tributaria"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_pred",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms the classifier filed in the class (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_est",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms estimated to truly belong to the class (count, estimate)"
     },
     {
      "name": "share_pred",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "n_pred as a share of all 323,868 norms (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "share_est",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "n_est as a share of all norms (0 to 1, estimate)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ci95_lo",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "lower bound of the 95% interval of share_est (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ci95_hi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "upper bound of the 95% interval of share_est (0 to 1)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "made",
   "chapter": "What the law is made of",
   "rows": 16,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/02-classify/composition_calibrated_v2_frozen.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "made-classes-by-state",
   "path": "tables/made/classes-by-state.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Class shares by state",
   "description": "One row per part (24 states, the Federal District and federal law): the share of its norms in each functional class and class group, over all years and again for norms dated 2015 to 2024. Classes are as filed by the rule-based classifier (share-weighted precision 0.845) and are not corrected per state, so the general-rule and economy shares are upper bounds. Differences between states mix legislative custom and what each official portal publishes; Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent, and Acre has no norm after 2009.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 8469,
   "hash": "sha256:aaafdd1d2500e7e7c0f50c579533079715da61334aef6d1128e643ad9ea50539",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'federal', or the two-letter code of the state (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "esfera",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "sphere, in Portuguese: 'estadual' state (the Federal District included) or 'federal'"
     },
     {
      "name": "n",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms of the part in the corpus (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_simbolica",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms in the symbolic group (class simbolica: honours, names of places, commemorative dates, declarations of utilidade pública, a status that lets a private association receive public funds) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_atos",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms that are one-off acts (classes orcamentaria, patrimonial, concreta, revogacao) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_estado",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms on the state's own organs and personnel (classes organizacao, pessoal) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_regras",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms that set general rules (normativa: classes tributaria, economica, social, outros) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_sem_texto",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of files with no law text (class sem_ementa) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_simbolica",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class simbolica: honours, names, commemorative dates, utilidade pública declarations (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_orcamentaria",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class orcamentaria: budget laws (PPA, LDO, LOA: the multi-year plan, budget guidelines and yearly budget) and openings of budget credits (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_patrimonial",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class patrimonial: donation, sale, swap or concession of public property, expropriation (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_concreta",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class concreta: other one-off acts (pensions to named people, loans, guarantees, approval of agreements) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_revogacao",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class revogacao: norms that only revoke other norms (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_organizacao",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class organizacao: creation and structure of organs, entities, courts, schools, municipalities (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_pessoal",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class pessoal: civil servants' posts, careers, pay and statutes (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_tributaria",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class tributaria: taxes, fees, tax benefits, tax amnesties, tax administration (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_economica",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class economica: rules for markets, firms, consumers, workers, sectors and the environment (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_social",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class social: health, education, welfare, rights, public security and culture policy (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_outros",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class outros: general rules that fit no other class (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_sem_ementa",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class sem_ementa: files that hold no law text (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "economia",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share flagged as rules on the economy: general rules whose class is economica or tributaria, or that oblige businesses, or whose main theme is economic (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "obriga_empresas",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share with an obligation or prohibition word within 160 characters of a business word (a duty on businesses) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogadas",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share not in force: revoked or struck down by a court as a whole (vigente_flag 'nao') (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano_p05",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year by which 5% of the part's norms exist, a marker of how far back coverage goes"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano_max",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the part's latest norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "anos_janela",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "years from 2015 to 2024 with at least one norm (count, 0 to 10)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "norms dated 2015 to 2024 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_simbolica_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms in the symbolic group (class simbolica: honours, names of places, commemorative dates, declarations of utilidade pública, a status that lets a private association receive public funds), among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_atos_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms that are one-off acts (classes orcamentaria, patrimonial, concreta, revogacao), among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_estado_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms on the state's own organs and personnel (classes organizacao, pessoal), among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_regras_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms that set general rules (normativa: classes tributaria, economica, social, outros), among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_sem_texto_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of files with no law text (class sem_ementa), among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_simbolica_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class simbolica: honours, names, commemorative dates, utilidade pública declarations, among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_orcamentaria_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class orcamentaria: budget laws (PPA, LDO, LOA: the multi-year plan, budget guidelines and yearly budget) and openings of budget credits, among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_patrimonial_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class patrimonial: donation, sale, swap or concession of public property, expropriation, among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_concreta_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class concreta: other one-off acts (pensions to named people, loans, guarantees, approval of agreements), among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_revogacao_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class revogacao: norms that only revoke other norms, among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_organizacao_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class organizacao: creation and structure of organs, entities, courts, schools, municipalities, among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_pessoal_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class pessoal: civil servants' posts, careers, pay and statutes, among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_tributaria_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class tributaria: taxes, fees, tax benefits, tax amnesties, tax administration, among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_economica_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class economica: rules for markets, firms, consumers, workers, sectors and the environment, among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_social_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class social: health, education, welfare, rights, public security and culture policy, among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_outros_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class outros: general rules that fit no other class, among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_sem_ementa_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class sem_ementa: files that hold no law text, among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "economia_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share flagged as rules on the economy: general rules whose class is economica or tributaria, or that oblige businesses, or whose main theme is economic, among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "obriga_empresas_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share with an obligation or prohibition word within 160 characters of a business word (a duty on businesses), among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogadas_2015_2024",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share not in force: revoked or struck down by a court as a whole (vigente_flag 'nao'), among norms dated 2015 to 2024 (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "made",
   "chapter": "What the law is made of",
   "rows": 26,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/02-classify/composition_by_state.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "made-classes-by-decade",
   "path": "tables/made/classes-by-decade.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Class shares by decade",
   "description": "One row per decade from the 1880s and sphere (state, federal): the share of norms in each functional class and class group, as filed by the rule-based classifier and not corrected for its errors. The number of states covered grows until the 1990s (see estados_com_50), so rows before then mix changes in composition with changes in coverage; before 1940 the state rows are essentially SP. Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 4810,
   "hash": "sha256:9a423cd07e6f4c3d41866a5f76f79701439f4713a6d30025a422d39831484e5f",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "decada",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "decade, as its first year (e.g. 1990 for 1990-1999)"
     },
     {
      "name": "esfera",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "sphere, in Portuguese: 'estadual' state (the Federal District included) or 'federal'"
     },
     {
      "name": "n",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms of the sphere dated in the decade (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_simbolica",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms in the symbolic group (class simbolica: honours, names of places, commemorative dates, declarations of utilidade pública, a status that lets a private association receive public funds) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_atos",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms that are one-off acts (classes orcamentaria, patrimonial, concreta, revogacao) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_estado",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms on the state's own organs and personnel (classes organizacao, pessoal) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_regras",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of norms that set general rules (normativa: classes tributaria, economica, social, outros) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "g_sem_texto",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of files with no law text (class sem_ementa) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_simbolica",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class simbolica: honours, names, commemorative dates, utilidade pública declarations (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_orcamentaria",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class orcamentaria: budget laws (PPA, LDO, LOA: the multi-year plan, budget guidelines and yearly budget) and openings of budget credits (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_patrimonial",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class patrimonial: donation, sale, swap or concession of public property, expropriation (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_concreta",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class concreta: other one-off acts (pensions to named people, loans, guarantees, approval of agreements) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_revogacao",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class revogacao: norms that only revoke other norms (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_organizacao",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class organizacao: creation and structure of organs, entities, courts, schools, municipalities (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_pessoal",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class pessoal: civil servants' posts, careers, pay and statutes (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_tributaria",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class tributaria: taxes, fees, tax benefits, tax amnesties, tax administration (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_economica",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class economica: rules for markets, firms, consumers, workers, sectors and the environment (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_social",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class social: health, education, welfare, rights, public security and culture policy (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_outros",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class outros: general rules that fit no other class (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "c_sem_ementa",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share in class sem_ementa: files that hold no law text (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "economia",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share flagged as rules on the economy: general rules whose class is economica or tributaria, or that oblige businesses, or whose main theme is economic (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "obriga_empresas",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share with an obligation or prohibition word within 160 characters of a business word (a duty on businesses) (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogadas",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share not in force: revoked or struck down by a court as a whole (vigente_flag 'nao') (0 to 1, as filed, not corrected for classification errors)"
     },
     {
      "name": "estados_com_50",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "states with 50 or more norms in the decade (count; the same value on the state and federal rows of a decade)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "made",
   "chapter": "What the law is made of",
   "rows": 30,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/02-classify/composition_by_decade.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "made-classifier-precision",
   "path": "tables/made/classifier-precision.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Precision of each class on the held-out audit sample",
   "description": "One row per functional class, plus a share-weighted total: how often the class the classifier filed was right on a fresh held-out sample of 290 norms (280 judged; none used to write the rules), judged by hand from each norm's ementa and first article, with Wilson 95% intervals. Trust simbolica, pessoal, tributaria, concreta, patrimonial and organizacao (0.93 to 1.00); use orcamentaria (0.85) and revogacao (0.89, 9 norms) with care; read economica (0.45) and social (0.55) as candidate lists; outros (0 of 15) is a residue of misses. Class sizes are those of the build the sample was drawn from; the final build's total precision, after a last fix measured on the norms it moved, is the same 0.845.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 664,
   "hash": "sha256:31bcb7e4fafcf5f332bfeec5d047a819a4cc535db206fbe96975c56dc2947c00",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "classe",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "class filed by the classifier (see made/classes for the codes), or 'TOTAL (share-weighted)'"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_norms",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms filed in the class in the build the sample was drawn from (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "judged",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "sampled norms of the class judged by hand (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "correct",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "of those, norms whose filed class was right (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "precision",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "correct divided by judged; for the total, the class precisions weighted by class share (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ci95_lo",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "lower bound of the 95% interval (Wilson for classes, normal approximation for the total; 0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ci95_hi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "upper bound of the 95% interval (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "share",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the class's share of all norms (0 to 1)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "made",
   "chapter": "What the law is made of",
   "rows": 13,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/02-classify/precision_v2_frozen.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "made-business-duties",
   "path": "tables/made/business-duties.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Norms that impose a duty on a kind of business, with their sanction",
   "description": "One row per general rule not known to be out of force that obliges or forbids something to a kind of business: 5,242 norms (4,545 state, 697 federal), 3,608 of them with a sanction clause. Selected by word patterns: an obligation or prohibition within 160 characters of a business word, the instrument 'obliges' or 'forbids', and a business actor named, with recognition seals, prizes and commemorative dates left out. A 15-row random check of an earlier version found 13 genuine duties on businesses; Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent, and state texts are often the original enactment, not the text in force.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 2568585,
   "hash": "sha256:325f3cb76d4d094df7c47ebfc04375f10ac049336d3415c9786514405aecefaf",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus, a path-like string of sphere, folder, year and file name; joins all norm-level tables"
     },
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'federal', or the two-letter code of the state (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as printed in its header, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's ementa (official summary), in Portuguese, cleaned and cut at 500 characters; for Santa Catarina, whose headers have none, the summary read from the text"
     },
     {
      "name": "classe",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "functional class filed by the classifier: simbolica (honours, names, commemorative dates), orcamentaria (budgets and credit openings), patrimonial (public property), concreta (other one-off acts), revogacao (only revokes), organizacao (organs of the state), pessoal (civil servants), tributaria (tax), economica (rules for markets, firms, consumers, work, sectors, environment), social (health, education, welfare, rights, security, culture), outros (general rule fitting no class), sem_ementa (no law text)"
     },
     {
      "name": "tema_principal",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "main theme: the first theme matched in the ementa, one of 28 codes (tributos taxes, trabalho labour, consumidor consumers, meio_ambiente environment, energia energy, agro agriculture, mineracao mining, saneamento water and sanitation, transporte transport, telecom_digital telecoms and digital, financeiro finance, saude health, educacao education, seguranca_publica public security, previdencia pensions, assistencia_social social assistance, habitacao_urbano housing and urban policy, cultura culture, esporte_turismo sport and tourism, administracao_publica public administration, servidores civil servants, direitos_grupos rights of groups, processo_judiciario courts and procedure, penal criminal law, eleitoral elections, inovacao_ciencia innovation and science, industria_comercio industry and trade, financas_publicas public finance)"
     },
     {
      "name": "vigente_flag",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'sim' if the norm is not known to be out of force, 'nao' if revoked or struck down by a court as a whole (from the citation graph's status; 'sim' is not proof of being in force); 'sim' in every row"
     },
     {
      "name": "esfera",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "sphere, in Portuguese: 'estadual' state (the Federal District included) or 'federal'"
     },
     {
      "name": "temas",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "every theme matched in the ementa, in order of appearance, joined with ';' (same 28 codes as tema_principal)"
     },
     {
      "name": "atores",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "who is regulated or benefited, joined with ';', from 22 codes: empresas firms, mpe micro and small firms, consumidores consumers, trabalhadores workers, servidores civil servants, produtores_rurais farmers, municipios municipalities, entidades_sem_fins_lucrativos non-profits, cooperativas cooperatives, instituicoes_financeiras financial institutions, concessionarias concession holders, contribuintes taxpayers, pessoas_fisicas individuals, pessoas_com_deficiencia people with disabilities, idosos the elderly, criancas_adolescentes children and adolescents, estudantes students, mulheres women, baixa_renda low-income people, povos_tradicionais traditional peoples, instituicoes_ensino schools and universities, estabelecimentos_saude health establishments"
     },
     {
      "name": "com_sancao",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true if the norm has a sanction clause (a fine or other penalty)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_obriga",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "matches of the 'obliges' pattern in the norm's text, first 300,000 characters, quoted amendments included (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_proibe",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "matches of the 'forbids' pattern in the text (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_sanciona",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "matches of the 'sanctions' pattern (fines, penalties) in the text (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_exige_licenca",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "matches of the 'requires a licence or registration' pattern in the text (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the official page the corpus text was taken from"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "made",
   "chapter": "What the law is made of",
   "rows": 5242,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/02-classify/business_obligations.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "made-icms-incentive-norms",
   "path": "tables/made/icms-incentive-norms.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "State norms that grant or change an ICMS incentive",
   "description": "One row per state norm whose text mentions ICMS (the state tax on goods and some services) and that exempts, reduces the base or rate, defers, grants a presumed credit, amnesties or otherwise grants a tax benefit: 2,007 norms in 25 parts, 898 naming ICMS in the ementa, 1,885 not known to be out of force. Selected by text search and word patterns, with symbolic, budget, personnel, property, organization and revocation classes left out. A 12-row random check of an earlier version found 9 that grant or amend ICMS benefits and 3 that only mention ICMS. The corpus holds no decrees and no interstate agreements of CONFAZ (the council of state finance secretaries), through which many ICMS benefits are granted, and Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 916715,
   "hash": "sha256:c09399e96e6a45534057fd35784634a907c5ef09ec19789acea6434164569c49",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus, a path-like string of sphere, folder, year and file name; joins all norm-level tables"
     },
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as printed in its header, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's ementa (official summary), in Portuguese, cleaned and cut at 500 characters; for Santa Catarina, whose headers have none, the summary read from the text"
     },
     {
      "name": "classe",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "functional class filed by the classifier: simbolica (honours, names, commemorative dates), orcamentaria (budgets and credit openings), patrimonial (public property), concreta (other one-off acts), revogacao (only revokes), organizacao (organs of the state), pessoal (civil servants), tributaria (tax), economica (rules for markets, firms, consumers, work, sectors, environment), social (health, education, welfare, rights, security, culture), outros (general rule fitting no class), sem_ementa (no law text)"
     },
     {
      "name": "tema_principal",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "main theme: the first theme matched in the ementa, one of 28 codes (tributos taxes, trabalho labour, consumidor consumers, meio_ambiente environment, energia energy, agro agriculture, mineracao mining, saneamento water and sanitation, transporte transport, telecom_digital telecoms and digital, financeiro finance, saude health, educacao education, seguranca_publica public security, previdencia pensions, assistencia_social social assistance, habitacao_urbano housing and urban policy, cultura culture, esporte_turismo sport and tourism, administracao_publica public administration, servidores civil servants, direitos_grupos rights of groups, processo_judiciario courts and procedure, penal criminal law, eleitoral elections, inovacao_ciencia innovation and science, industria_comercio industry and trade, financas_publicas public finance)"
     },
     {
      "name": "vigente_flag",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'sim' if the norm is not known to be out of force, 'nao' if revoked or struck down by a court as a whole (from the citation graph's status; 'sim' is not proof of being in force)"
     },
     {
      "name": "icms_na_ementa",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true if the ementa itself names ICMS"
     },
     {
      "name": "programa",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true if the ementa names a programme, fund or incentive (words such as programa, fundo, incentivo, fomento, desenvolvimento, competitividade)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_isenta_reduz_tributo",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "matches of the 'exempts or reduces a tax' pattern in the norm's text, quoted amendments included (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_credito_subsidio_financiamento",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "matches of the 'grants credit, subsidy or financing' pattern in the text (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "temas",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "every theme matched in the ementa, in order of appearance, joined with ';' (same 28 codes as tema_principal)"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the official page the corpus text was taken from"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "made",
   "chapter": "What the law is made of",
   "rows": 2007,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/02-classify/icms_incentives.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "made-fund-creations",
   "path": "tables/made/fund-creations.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Norms that create a public fund",
   "description": "One row per norm whose ementa (official summary) creates or institutes a fund: 2,201 norms, 2,105 state and 96 federal, 305 of them out of force. Selected by a word pattern on the ementa (a verb such as cria or institui followed within 80 characters by fundo); an 8-row random check found 7 genuine fund creations, so some rows only concern an existing fund (its council, for instance). Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 931331,
   "hash": "sha256:d801842160b21a1e77c44fedaf99801c508438ffdf0986cfb1efa522b2ff18df",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus, a path-like string of sphere, folder, year and file name; joins all norm-level tables"
     },
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'federal', or the two-letter code of the state (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as printed in its header, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's ementa (official summary), in Portuguese, cleaned and cut at 500 characters; for Santa Catarina, whose headers have none, the summary read from the text"
     },
     {
      "name": "classe",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "functional class filed by the classifier: simbolica (honours, names, commemorative dates), orcamentaria (budgets and credit openings), patrimonial (public property), concreta (other one-off acts), revogacao (only revokes), organizacao (organs of the state), pessoal (civil servants), tributaria (tax), economica (rules for markets, firms, consumers, work, sectors, environment), social (health, education, welfare, rights, security, culture), outros (general rule fitting no class), sem_ementa (no law text)"
     },
     {
      "name": "tema_principal",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "main theme: the first theme matched in the ementa, one of 28 codes (tributos taxes, trabalho labour, consumidor consumers, meio_ambiente environment, energia energy, agro agriculture, mineracao mining, saneamento water and sanitation, transporte transport, telecom_digital telecoms and digital, financeiro finance, saude health, educacao education, seguranca_publica public security, previdencia pensions, assistencia_social social assistance, habitacao_urbano housing and urban policy, cultura culture, esporte_turismo sport and tourism, administracao_publica public administration, servidores civil servants, direitos_grupos rights of groups, processo_judiciario courts and procedure, penal criminal law, eleitoral elections, inovacao_ciencia innovation and science, industria_comercio industry and trade, financas_publicas public finance)"
     },
     {
      "name": "vigente_flag",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'sim' if the norm is not known to be out of force, 'nao' if revoked or struck down by a court as a whole (from the citation graph's status; 'sim' is not proof of being in force)"
     },
     {
      "name": "esfera",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "sphere, in Portuguese: 'estadual' state (the Federal District included) or 'federal'"
     },
     {
      "name": "temas",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "every theme matched in the ementa, in order of appearance, joined with ';' (same 28 codes as tema_principal)"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the official page the corpus text was taken from"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "made",
   "chapter": "What the law is made of",
   "rows": 2201,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/02-classify/fund_creations.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "skeleton-basis-federal-in-force",
   "path": "tables/skeleton/basis-federal-in-force.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Greedy orthogonal basis of federal law in force, in order of pick, with residuals",
   "description": "One row per pick of a greedy orthogonal basis of the federal law in force (13,051 normative federal norms): starting from the medoid, each step adds the norm whose direction is least explained by the norms already picked, so the residual column shows how much new direction each pick adds. Norms are compared as 200-dimensional vectors obtained by reducing (truncated SVD) a TF-IDF matrix of accent-folded words and word pairs of each norm's full text, after removing site boilerplate; norms with fewer than 100 content words could not be picked. The geometry is lexical: it finds laws written in distinct vocabularies, one per genre and era, not the most important laws; 'in force' means not known to be revoked or struck down.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 81449,
   "hash": "sha256:8db48e88b12868728075ed9af8b741b587aac803ae0e84c0bc74ca291930b5f9",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "rank",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "order of pick (1 is the first pick, the medoid: the norm closest to the subset's mean direction)"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus, a path-like string of sphere, folder, year and file name; joins all norm-level tables"
     },
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'federal', or the two-letter code of the state (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano_norma",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "classe",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "functional class filed by the classifier (simbolica, orcamentaria, patrimonial, concreta, revogacao, organizacao, pessoal, tributaria, economica, social, outros, sem_ementa; see made/classes)"
     },
     {
      "name": "theme_label",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "label of the norm's theme, one of 20 clusters of the space, named by the three ementa words most over-represented in it (e.g. 'dispoe / altera / servico')"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as printed in its header, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's ementa (official summary), in Portuguese; empty for Santa Catarina, whose headers have none"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_content",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "content words in the cleaned text, stopwords and boilerplate removed (count; candidates need at least 100)"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the official page the corpus text was taken from"
     },
     {
      "name": "residual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "length of what is left of the norm's unit vector after projecting out the span of all earlier picks: the share of its direction that is new (0 to 1; 1 means orthogonal to every earlier pick)"
     },
     {
      "name": "captured",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "length of the norm's vector in the 200-dimensional space before normalization, i.e. the share of its TF-IDF weight the 200 axes capture (0 to 1; inferred)"
     },
     {
      "name": "top_axes",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the three axes of the space on which the norm loads most, with the sign of the loading (e.g. '0+, 6-, 36+'; axes described in skeleton/axes; inferred)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "skeleton",
   "chapter": "No small skeleton",
   "rows": 200,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/03-geometry/basis_federal_vigente.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "skeleton-basis-all",
   "path": "tables/skeleton/basis-all.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Greedy orthogonal basis of all normative norms",
   "description": "One row per pick of a greedy orthogonal basis of all normative norms in the space (102,944: 14,443 federal and 88,501 state), built as skeleton/basis-federal-in-force is: each pick is the norm whose direction is least explained by the earlier picks. Norms are compared as 200-dimensional vectors obtained by reducing (truncated SVD) a TF-IDF matrix of accent-folded words and word pairs of each norm's full text, after removing site boilerplate; one-off administrative acts and short or noisy texts were left out. Two state-wide artifacts survived cleaning (a site notice in every Amapá text, a promulgation formula in most Maranhão texts) and may explain an Amapá law among the first picks; Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 79022,
   "hash": "sha256:0045ba231d47465fa87d714489ecd8b4af3a6c6cb87df8404022866ec5178198",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "rank",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "order of pick (1 is the first pick, the medoid: the norm closest to the subset's mean direction)"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus, a path-like string of sphere, folder, year and file name; joins all norm-level tables"
     },
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'federal', or the two-letter code of the state (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano_norma",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "classe",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "functional class filed by the classifier (simbolica, orcamentaria, patrimonial, concreta, revogacao, organizacao, pessoal, tributaria, economica, social, outros, sem_ementa; see made/classes)"
     },
     {
      "name": "theme_label",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "label of the norm's theme, one of 20 clusters of the space, named by the three ementa words most over-represented in it (e.g. 'dispoe / altera / servico')"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as printed in its header, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's ementa (official summary), in Portuguese; empty for Santa Catarina, whose headers have none"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_content",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "content words in the cleaned text, stopwords and boilerplate removed (count; candidates need at least 100)"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the official page the corpus text was taken from"
     },
     {
      "name": "residual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "length of what is left of the norm's unit vector after projecting out the span of all earlier picks: the share of its direction that is new (0 to 1; 1 means orthogonal to every earlier pick)"
     },
     {
      "name": "captured",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "length of the norm's vector in the 200-dimensional space before normalization, i.e. the share of its TF-IDF weight the 200 axes capture (0 to 1; inferred)"
     },
     {
      "name": "top_axes",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the three axes of the space on which the norm loads most, with the sign of the loading (e.g. '0+, 6-, 36+'; axes described in skeleton/axes; inferred)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "skeleton",
   "chapter": "No small skeleton",
   "rows": 200,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/03-geometry/basis_all.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "skeleton-basis-summary",
   "path": "tables/skeleton/basis-summary.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Residual at each basis size, by corpus part",
   "description": "One row per subset of the space (federal law in force, all norms, each state and the Federal District) and variant: the residual of the 10th, 30th, 50th and 100th pick of the greedy orthogonal basis, a measure of how slowly a few laws come to span the rest. A residual near 1 at k means the k-th pick is still almost orthogonal to the previous ones; 0.879 at k = 50 for federal law in force means the 50th law keeps 88% of its direction outside the span of the first 49. The 'direction' variant (unit vectors) is the one reported; the 'projection' variant favours short templated laws and is kept for comparison.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 8905,
   "hash": "sha256:f1062b26ddd62e219b6e24d582434d874c91d1a2f27fafae8b13a651af48135d",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "subset",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'federal_vigente' federal law in force, 'all' every normative norm in the space, or a two-letter state code (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "variant",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'direction': unit vectors, first pick the medoid, candidates with at least 100 content words (the variant reported); 'projection': unnormalized vectors, first pick the longest"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_norms",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms in the subset (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "basis_size",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "picks made (count; 200 in every subset)"
     },
     {
      "name": "residual_at_10",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "residual of the 10th pick (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "residual_at_30",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "residual of the 30th pick (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "residual_at_50",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "residual of the 50th pick (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "residual_at_100",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "residual of the 100th pick (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_pick",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title and start of the ementa of the first pick, in Portuguese"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "skeleton",
   "chapter": "No small skeleton",
   "rows": 54,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/03-geometry/basis_summary.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "skeleton-basis-themes",
   "path": "tables/skeleton/basis-themes.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Themes of the first fifty basis laws against their share of the corpus",
   "description": "One row per subset (federal law in force, all norms, and the five largest state economies in the corpus: SP, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Bahia) and theme: the theme's share of the subset against its share of the first 50 picks of the greedy orthogonal basis. An over-representation above 1 means the theme supplies more independent directions than its size suggests: laws imposing one duty on one kind of establishment do (4.5 times their share in federal law), tax and exemption laws, which share one vocabulary, do not (0.49). Themes are 20 clusters of the space, so the figures are lexical.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 7251,
   "hash": "sha256:53c2e713e63dd4ccc76dd60cbf2f3498da6718ba85c774a23cd05e3668a4848e",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "subset",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'federal_vigente' federal law in force, 'all' every normative norm in the space, or a two-letter state code (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "theme",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "theme label: one of 20 clusters of the space, named by its three most over-represented ementa words (e.g. 'imposto / isencao / concede')"
     },
     {
      "name": "share_of_subset",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of the subset's norms in the theme (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "picks_in_first",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "norms of the theme among the first 50 picks (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "share_of_picks",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "picks_in_first divided by 50 (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "over_representation",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share_of_picks divided by share_of_subset (ratio; 1 means in proportion)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "skeleton",
   "chapter": "No small skeleton",
   "rows": 138,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/03-geometry/basis_themes.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "skeleton-uniqueness-top",
   "path": "tables/skeleton/uniqueness-top.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "The most singular norms (largest distance to their nearest neighbour)",
   "description": "One row per norm among the 60 most singular normative norms with at least 200 content words: those whose nearest other norm in the corpus is furthest away. Uniqueness is 1 minus the largest exact TF-IDF cosine between the norm's text and any other norm's, the 20 nearest candidates having been found in the 200-dimensional reduced space. It is lexical: part of Paraíba's prominence (19 of the 60) comes from OCR noise, which makes scanned texts look unique.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 25022,
   "hash": "sha256:b128b8ae4e578f4c67cf459b31da4b105ee7c9d6b45e53fdb602b2d2c4351cd6",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus, a path-like string of sphere, folder, year and file name; joins all norm-level tables"
     },
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'federal', or the two-letter code of the state (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano_norma",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "classe",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "functional class filed by the classifier (simbolica, orcamentaria, patrimonial, concreta, revogacao, organizacao, pessoal, tributaria, economica, social, outros, sem_ementa; see made/classes)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_content",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "content words in the cleaned text (count; at least 200 here)"
     },
     {
      "name": "uniqueness",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "1 minus max_cos (0 to 1; higher is more singular)"
     },
     {
      "name": "max_cos",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "largest exact TF-IDF cosine between the norm and any other norm (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "nearest_id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "key of that nearest norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as printed in its header, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's ementa (official summary), in Portuguese; empty for Santa Catarina, whose headers have none"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the official page the corpus text was taken from"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "skeleton",
   "chapter": "No small skeleton",
   "rows": 60,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/03-geometry/uniqueness_top.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "skeleton-axes",
   "path": "tables/skeleton/axes.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Principal axes of the space and the words that load on them",
   "description": "One row per axis of the 200-dimensional reduced space (the first 40 axes of a truncated SVD of the corpus's TF-IDF matrix): the words that weigh most at each end and example norms that sit there. Axis 0 is the mean direction of the corpus; later axes oppose genres and eras (axis 1: authorizing and financial law against social-policy law). Terms are accent-folded, lightly stemmed words and word pairs recovered from hashed columns, and a few axes are artifacts (an Amapá site notice on axis 3, electronic-signature blocks on axes 8 and 9).",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 73095,
   "hash": "sha256:fcd2dacf61bd07a784a9d7cb3e5679a2ab9b2319ce5ffb33e4d359d331d35ccd",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "axis",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "axis number (0 to 39)"
     },
     {
      "name": "explained_variance",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of the TF-IDF matrix's variance the axis explains (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "positive_terms",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "words and word pairs with the largest positive weights, accent-folded, separated by ';'"
     },
     {
      "name": "negative_terms",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "words and word pairs with the largest negative weights, separated by ';'"
     },
     {
      "name": "positive_examples",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "norms at the positive end, each as key (title: start of ementa), separated by ' | '"
     },
     {
      "name": "negative_examples",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "norms at the negative end, in the same form"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "skeleton",
   "chapter": "No small skeleton",
   "rows": 40,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/03-geometry/axes_full.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "opposed-coupled-pairs-read",
   "path": "tables/opposed/coupled-pairs-read.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Thirty families of same-subject, opposite-action pairs, read by hand",
   "description": "One row per law family read by hand: the top 30 entries of the three rankings of same-subject, opposite-action pairs (20 between states, 6 federal-state, 4 federal-federal), one entry per family when one model law produced several pairs, with the article and a verbatim quote from each side. Pairs were ranked by machine (see opposed/coupled-pairs-states); the verdict is a legal reading of the quoted texts. Of the 30, 9 are true oppositions (8 between states), 3 enforcement gaps, 4 the same rule in other grammar, 4 restatements of federal law, 3 complementary, 1 a rider and 6 false positives; the state texts were not re-checked on official sites, so a later amendment could change a reading.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 32481,
   "hash": "sha256:6730acafe4b3cedad297688a1d31bf5bb1544ebddc030f36fcd26493eb27dc35",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "n",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "entry number (1 to 30)"
     },
     {
      "name": "group",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "pair group: 'SS' laws of two different states, 'FS' federal and state, 'FF' two federal laws"
     },
     {
      "name": "rank",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "rank of the pair in its group's machine ranking (opposed/coupled-pairs-states, opposed/coupled-pairs-federal-state; the federal-federal ranking is not published)"
     },
     {
      "name": "verdict",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "hand reading: 'opposed' (the duty, permission or tax treatment flips), 'enforcement' (same rule, only one side has a sanction), 'form' (same effect in other grammar, e.g. a right of A against a duty of B), 'restated' (one side restates or softens a federal rule that binds both), 'complementary' (federal frame and state execution), 'rider' (the gap comes from content alien to the law's subject), 'false positive'"
     },
     {
      "name": "subject",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the shared subject, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "cos",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "subject similarity: exact TF-IDF cosine of the two texts with action words removed (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "score",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "opposition score of the pair: cos times (opposition plus half the polarity gap) / 2"
     },
     {
      "name": "opposed_ops",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the opposed pair of action categories that contributes most, side a / side b (e.g. 'obrigacao / permissao': a imposes a duty where b permits)"
     },
     {
      "name": "family_ranks",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "other ranks in the same group that belong to this family of copies, separated by spaces; empty if none"
     },
     {
      "name": "id_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "key of the first norm (the federal one in FS pairs)"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title of the first norm, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the first norm's official page"
     },
     {
      "name": "ops_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "first norm's operator profile: weighted counts of action words by category, e.g. 'obrigacao 2.6, permissao 0.3' (obrigacao duty, proibicao prohibition, permissao permission, isencao exemption, tributacao taxation, beneficio benefit, sancao sanction, definicao definition, autoriza_executivo authorization of the executive, criacao creation)"
     },
     {
      "name": "art_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article of the first norm quoted"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "verbatim quote from that article, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "id_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "key of the second norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title of the second norm, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the second norm's official page"
     },
     {
      "name": "ops_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "second norm's operator profile, as in ops_a"
     },
     {
      "name": "art_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article of the second norm quoted"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "verbatim quote from that article, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "family",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the other pairs of the family, as 'rank N: state and title / state and title', separated by ';'; empty if none"
     },
     {
      "name": "extra",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "for a coupling or a rider, a third provision that explains the reading, as key | article | verbatim quote; empty otherwise"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "opposed",
   "chapter": "Same ground, opposite pull",
   "rows": 30,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/03-geometry/coupled_top30.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "opposed-coupled-pairs-states",
   "path": "tables/opposed/coupled-pairs-states.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Cross-state pairs with high subject similarity and opposed action",
   "description": "One row per pair of laws from two different states with a highly similar subject (cosine at least 0.6) and diverging action: the top 400 of 456 eligible pairs, ranked by opposition score. Built by machine: each norm's 15 nearest norms in a subject space (the text minus every action word) were scored by how far their action words (duty, prohibition, permission, exemption, taxation, benefit, sanction) oppose, keeping pairs of norms both in force, with enough action words and content, and not linked by an amendment, revocation or regulation. The lexicon counts words, not legal effect: of the 30 families read by hand (opposed/coupled-pairs-read) only 9 were true oppositions, so rows are candidates to read, not findings. Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 396623,
   "hash": "sha256:aa730472533c57d7083cca1ec9844706f22d7cec198d3ffa1342564c8aec2f14",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "rank",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "rank by score within the table (1 is the strongest candidate)"
     },
     {
      "name": "score",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "opposition score: cos times (opposition plus dpol) / 2"
     },
     {
      "name": "cos",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "subject similarity: exact TF-IDF cosine of the two texts with action words removed (0 to 1; at least 0.6 here)"
     },
     {
      "name": "svd_cos",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the same similarity in the 200-dimensional reduced subject space used to find candidate pairs (cosine; inferred)"
     },
     {
      "name": "action_cos",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "similarity of the two operator profiles (cosine of log-weighted category counts, 0 to 1; low means different actions)"
     },
     {
      "name": "opposition",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "how far one norm leans to an action where the other leans to its opposite (permission against prohibition or duty, exemption or benefit against taxation or sanction); 0 for identical profiles, about 1 for pure opposites"
     },
     {
      "name": "dpol",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "half the absolute difference of the two polarities, pol_a and pol_b (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "opposed_ops",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the opposed pair of action categories that contributes most, side a / side b (e.g. 'obrigacao / permissao')"
     },
     {
      "name": "evidence",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "size of the difference behind opposed_ops, in operator weights: at least 1 means a full occurrence of difference on each side"
     },
     {
      "name": "edge",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "link between the two norms in the citation graph: 'cita' (one cites the other); empty if none (pairs linked by amendment, revocation or regulation were excluded)"
     },
     {
      "name": "cites",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true if either text cites the other's number, or the citation graph links them"
     },
     {
      "name": "id_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "key of the first norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "part_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code (UF) of the first norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano_norma_a",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the first norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title of the first norm, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "ementa (official summary) of the first norm, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ops_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "first norm's operator profile: weighted counts of action words by category, e.g. 'obrigacao 2.6, permissao 0.3' (obrigacao duty, proibicao prohibition, permissao permission, isencao exemption, tributacao taxation, beneficio benefit, sancao sanction, definicao definition, autoriza_executivo authorization of the executive, criacao creation)"
     },
     {
      "name": "pol_a",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "first norm's polarity of the norm: (relief minus burden) / (relief plus burden plus 1), relief = permission, exemption, benefit; burden = duty, prohibition, taxation, sanction (-1 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "id_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "key of the second norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "part_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code (UF) of the second norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano_norma_b",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the second norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title of the second norm, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "ementa of the second norm, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ops_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "second norm's operator profile, as in ops_a"
     },
     {
      "name": "pol_b",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "second norm's polarity, as in pol_a"
     },
     {
      "name": "classe_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "functional class of the first norm filed by the classifier (see made/classes)"
     },
     {
      "name": "classe_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "functional class of the second norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogada_a",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "the corpus header's revoked flag for the first norm: false, or empty where the source has no flag (no row is flagged true)"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogada_b",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "the same flag for the second norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the first norm's official page"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the second norm's official page"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "opposed",
   "chapter": "Same ground, opposite pull",
   "rows": 400,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/03-geometry/coupled_SS.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "opposed-coupled-pairs-federal-state",
   "path": "tables/opposed/coupled-pairs-federal-state.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Federal-state pairs with high subject similarity and opposed action",
   "description": "One row per pair of a federal law (side a) and a state law (side b) with a highly similar subject (cosine at least 0.6) and diverging action: all 48 eligible pairs, ranked by opposition score. Built by machine: each norm's 15 nearest norms in a subject space (the text minus every action word) were scored by how far their action words (duty, prohibition, permission, exemption, taxation, benefit, sanction) oppose, keeping pairs of norms both in force, with enough action words and content, and not linked by an amendment, revocation or regulation. The lexicon counts words, not legal effect: of the 30 families read by hand (opposed/coupled-pairs-read) only 9 were true oppositions, so rows are candidates to read, not findings. None of the six federal-state families read was an opposition: the state publicizes, executes or softens a federal rule.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 50402,
   "hash": "sha256:b3c1fab509ad54ae9e82dbe23e604d006281eb8286dc90e35567fcac9a1b0a46",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "rank",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "rank by score within the table (1 is the strongest candidate)"
     },
     {
      "name": "score",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "opposition score: cos times (opposition plus dpol) / 2"
     },
     {
      "name": "cos",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "subject similarity: exact TF-IDF cosine of the two texts with action words removed (0 to 1; at least 0.6 here)"
     },
     {
      "name": "svd_cos",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the same similarity in the 200-dimensional reduced subject space used to find candidate pairs (cosine; inferred)"
     },
     {
      "name": "action_cos",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "similarity of the two operator profiles (cosine of log-weighted category counts, 0 to 1; low means different actions)"
     },
     {
      "name": "opposition",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "how far one norm leans to an action where the other leans to its opposite (permission against prohibition or duty, exemption or benefit against taxation or sanction); 0 for identical profiles, about 1 for pure opposites"
     },
     {
      "name": "dpol",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "half the absolute difference of the two polarities, pol_a and pol_b (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "opposed_ops",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the opposed pair of action categories that contributes most, side a / side b (e.g. 'obrigacao / permissao')"
     },
     {
      "name": "evidence",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "size of the difference behind opposed_ops, in operator weights: at least 1 means a full occurrence of difference on each side"
     },
     {
      "name": "edge",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "link between the two norms in the citation graph: 'cita' (one cites the other); empty if none (pairs linked by amendment, revocation or regulation were excluded)"
     },
     {
      "name": "cites",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true if either text cites the other's number, or the citation graph links them"
     },
     {
      "name": "id_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "key of the federal norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "part_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'federal' in every row"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano_norma_a",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the first norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title of the first norm, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "ementa (official summary) of the first norm, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ops_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "first norm's operator profile: weighted counts of action words by category, e.g. 'obrigacao 2.6, permissao 0.3' (obrigacao duty, proibicao prohibition, permissao permission, isencao exemption, tributacao taxation, beneficio benefit, sancao sanction, definicao definition, autoriza_executivo authorization of the executive, criacao creation)"
     },
     {
      "name": "pol_a",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "first norm's polarity of the norm: (relief minus burden) / (relief plus burden plus 1), relief = permission, exemption, benefit; burden = duty, prohibition, taxation, sanction (-1 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "id_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "key of the state norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "part_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code (UF) of the second norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano_norma_b",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the second norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title of the second norm, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "ementa of the second norm, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ops_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "second norm's operator profile, as in ops_a"
     },
     {
      "name": "pol_b",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "second norm's polarity, as in pol_a"
     },
     {
      "name": "classe_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "functional class of the first norm filed by the classifier (see made/classes)"
     },
     {
      "name": "classe_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "functional class of the second norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogada_a",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "the corpus header's revoked flag for the first norm: false, or empty where the source has no flag (no row is flagged true)"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogada_b",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "the same flag for the second norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the first norm's official page"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the second norm's official page"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "opposed",
   "chapter": "Same ground, opposite pull",
   "rows": 48,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/03-geometry/coupled_FS.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "copies-copy-families",
   "path": "tables/copies/copy-families.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Families of state laws copied across states (strict rule)",
   "description": "One row per family of near-identical laws enacted in two or more jurisdictions (states, the Federal District, the Union): 1,474 families under the strict rule, 1,455 policy families and 19 federal templates. Laws were compared by the exact Jaccard similarity of their sets of word 5-shingles after removing state names, dates, numbers and standard clauses; two laws of different jurisdictions are linked at J of 0.5 or more, and a family is a connected group of links. Federal templates (debt renegotiations with the Union and similar deals) are common shocks rather than copies and are kept apart from the network and the gap model; verbatim copying is a small slice of state law (3.4% of normative state laws have a twin), and Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 624606,
   "hash": "sha256:ed8b49a7fa5d7a532bbb78aa1c8fb8eb748f763f08361fe7f280459f4b20db34",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "family",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "family number under the strict rule; joins copies/copy-family-members (copies/adoption-gaps and copies/struck-law-copies use the loose rule's numbers, which do not match)"
     },
     {
      "name": "kind",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'policy' (a law copied between legislatures) or 'federal_template' (half or more of the ementas name a deal with the Union, such as a debt-contract amendment)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_jur",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "jurisdictions with a member, the Union counted as one (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_states",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "states and the Federal District with a member (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_docs",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "member laws (count; can exceed n_jur when a jurisdiction re-enacted the text)"
     },
     {
      "name": "has_federal",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true if a federal law is a member"
     },
     {
      "name": "direction",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "for families with federal and state members: 'federal_first' if the federal law came first, 'state_first' if a state did; empty otherwise"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "jurisdiction of the first adoption: two-letter state code (UF) or 'federal'"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_date",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date of the first adoption (the norm's date, else 1 July of its year), YYYY-MM-DD"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "key of the first adopter's law in the corpus"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title of the first adopter's law, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "ementa (official summary) of the first adopter's law, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "theme",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "most frequent of 17 themes matched in the members' ementas: saude health, educacao education, consumidor consumers, economia_negocios economy and business, crianca_idoso children and the elderly, mulher_violencia women and violence, pessoa_deficiencia people with disabilities, meio_ambiente environment, transito_transporte traffic and transport, cultura_esporte culture and sport, seguranca_publica public security, tributario_fiscal tax, animais animals, administracao_publica public administration, telecom_digital telecoms and digital, direitos_humanos human rights, outros other"
     },
     {
      "name": "classe",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "most frequent functional class of the members, as filed by the classifier (see made/classes)"
     },
     {
      "name": "adopters",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "first adoption of each jurisdiction in order, as 'UF:year' separated by ';'"
     },
     {
      "name": "last_date",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date of the latest first adoption, YYYY-MM-DD"
     },
     {
      "name": "span_years",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "years from the first to the latest adoption"
     },
     {
      "name": "median_lag_years",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "median years between the first adoption and each later jurisdiction's adoption"
     },
     {
      "name": "adopt_2024_2026",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "states that adopted in 2024 to 2026 (count; 2026 runs to 13 October)"
     },
     {
      "name": "mean_j",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "mean Jaccard similarity of the linked cross-jurisdiction member pairs (0 to 1; 1 is the same text)"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the first adopter's law on its official site"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "copies",
   "chapter": "Copies",
   "rows": 1474,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/04-diffusion/families.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "copies-copy-family-members",
   "path": "tables/copies/copy-family-members.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Each law in each copy family, with its state and year",
   "description": "One row per law in each strict copy family (3,546 laws: 3,479 state and 67 federal), with the earlier law it most resembles. The copy source of a law is the member of an earlier-adopting jurisdiction whose text is most similar to it, which is the likely model, not a proven one: the true source may be a bill, a national advocacy group or a third state. Status fields are the corpus header's and exist only for some states.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 1439291,
   "hash": "sha256:dafd1238d73f85079eb5e9ca7e407682bebc229a436285b96937c687d6ab38f9",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "family",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "family number; joins copies/copy-families"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the law's key in the corpus (path-like string of sphere, folder, year and file name)"
     },
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code (UF), or 'federal'"
     },
     {
      "name": "date",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date of the law, YYYY-MM-DD (the norm's date, else 1 July of its year)"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the law's title, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the law's ementa (official summary), in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "classe",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "functional class filed by the classifier (see made/classes)"
     },
     {
      "name": "situacao",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "status text from the corpus header, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Em vigor' in force, 'Sem revogação expressa' not expressly revoked, 'Revogada' revoked); only SP, GO, MG, ES, SE and DF have it, empty elsewhere"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogada",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "revoked flag from the corpus header: true, false, or empty where the source has no flag"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_sh",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "word 5-shingles in the law's normalized text, a measure of its length (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "src_part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "state (UF) or 'federal' of the copy source; empty for the first adopter"
     },
     {
      "name": "src_id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "key of the copy source: the most similar member from a jurisdiction that adopted earlier"
     },
     {
      "name": "src_j",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "Jaccard similarity between the law and its copy source (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the law on its official site"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "copies",
   "chapter": "Copies",
   "rows": 3546,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/04-diffusion/family_members.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "copies-adoption-gaps",
   "path": "tables/copies/adoption-gaps.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "States missing a widely adopted law, ranked",
   "description": "One row per pair of a copy family that is still spreading (79 families with members in 4 or more states and 2 or more state adoptions in 2024-2026, under the loose similarity rule, whose numbers differ from those of copies/copy-families) and one of the five states most likely to adopt it next. Probabilities come from a logistic hazard model fitted on adoptions up to 2025 (the share of states, neighbours and region that adopted, time since the first adoption, state and theme effects); it ranks well out of sample (AUC 0.80 to 0.81) but under-predicts families that are still spreading by a factor of about 1.97, which p3_scaled applies as a rough correction, not a refit. Many gaps are data gaps or reworded adoptions: weak_corpus and maybe_adopted_other_text flag them.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 131963,
   "hash": "sha256:c9060a0f9e9e2baf3336c7720bc9ee25e99dc141e1a1d55a3844f5b81f429ac3",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "family",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "family number under the loose rule (texts linked at J of 0.3 or more when both are long), a numbering this release does not otherwise include: it does not match the family numbers of copies/copy-families; identify the family by adopters and first_ementa"
     },
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter code of the state that has not adopted (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "p2",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "modelled probability that the state adopts in 2027-2028 (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "p3",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "modelled probability that the state adopts in 2027-2029 (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "p3_scaled",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "p3 times 1.97, the under-prediction factor measured on past families that were still spreading, capped at 1 (estimate)"
     },
     {
      "name": "weak_corpus",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "why the state's corpus may hide an adoption: 'heavy OCR', 'small corpus', 'small corpus, 120 missing', '4,527 files missing', '1,241 HTTP 404'; empty if the corpus is sound"
     },
     {
      "name": "maybe_adopted_other_text",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true if a law of the state has an ementa similar to the family's (TF-IDF cosine of 0.5 or more): the state may have adopted the policy in other words"
     },
     {
      "name": "closest_id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "key of the state's law whose ementa is closest to the family's"
     },
     {
      "name": "closest_cos",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "TF-IDF cosine between that ementa and the family's ementas (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_states",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "states in the family (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "adopt_2024_2026_covered",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "state adoptions of the family in 2024 to 2026, counting only state-years the corpus covers well (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "adopters",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "adoptions in order, as 'UF:year' separated by ';'"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "state of the first adoption (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_date",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date of the first adoption, YYYY-MM-DD"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "ementa of the first adopter's law, in Portuguese"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "copies",
   "chapter": "Copies",
   "rows": 395,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/04-diffusion/gaps_top.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "copies-struck-law-copies",
   "path": "tables/copies/struck-law-copies.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Copies of laws the STF struck, checked against the court's records",
   "description": "One row per copy of a state law that a court annotation in the corpus marks as struck, suspended or narrowed by the STF (the Supreme Federal Court), found among the members of 17 copy families of the loose similarity rule (J of 0.3 or more), plus two rows that apply an STF thesis to a family. Each status was checked by hand against the court's and the assemblies' sites on 15 October 2026. After the check, 8 families have a copy whose model law the STF struck while the copy stands, 5 more are exposed only through a clause or an interpretation, and 2 flags were wrong (the soy-moratorium incentive laws were upheld; the action against SP's smoke-free law was dismissed as moot).",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 13499,
   "hash": "sha256:66c4ab49f700bc0b4aacb4daf3cc30c415e56279466838e44adbc8880e6c715f",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "family",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "copy family number under the loose similarity rule (J of 0.3 or more when both texts are long), which does not match the strict numbering of copies/copy-families; 'loose 7 / strict 1' names a family in both numberings"
     },
     {
      "name": "category",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "result of the check: 'struck' (the copied law or its core articles were struck; this copy has no ruling), 'clause' (only an expression, an article or an interpretation was affected), 'not_adverse' (action dismissed or law upheld), 'resolved' (the copy itself was struck), 'revoked' (the copy was revoked), 'thesis_upheld' (the STF upheld the family's model text), 'thesis_exposed' (no action found, but an STF thesis on similar laws applies)"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "key of the copy in the corpus"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title of the copy, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "situacao",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "status text from the corpus header, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Em vigor' in force, 'Sem revogação expressa' not expressly revoked); empty where the state has none"
     },
     {
      "name": "status",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the decision found and what it means for the copy, in English with Portuguese legal terms (e.g. 'ADI 5465: interpretação conforme ...'; ADI is a direct action of unconstitutionality, ARE an extraordinary appeal)"
     },
     {
      "name": "source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "where the status was established: 'corpus' (the court annotation in the stored text) or the URL of the web page checked"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the copy on its official site"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "copies",
   "chapter": "Copies",
   "rows": 40,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/04-diffusion/stf_exposure_reviewed.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "copies-state-roles",
   "path": "tables/copies/state-roles.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Each state as first adopter, supplier and copier",
   "description": "One row per state and the Federal District (25): how often it adopts a copied law first, how many copies others take from it and how many it takes from others, over the strict policy families. Counted in the corpus from the adoption sequences; the copy source of a law is the most similar earlier member, so 'supplied' and 'made' count likely models, not proven ones. Part of the lead of Minas Gerais and SP is drafting style (their assemblies rewrite what they borrow, so their own copies fall below the similarity rule); Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 1321,
   "hash": "sha256:88b3fa17fbcd45c176442f2542e00807a3db7d5d390c3db921b5c08d5be865e0",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "families",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "strict policy families with a member from the state (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_adopter",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "families in which the state adopted first (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "innovation_rank_pct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "mean adoption-rank percentile over families with 3 or more states: 0 means always first, 1 always last"
     },
     {
      "name": "copies_supplied",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "later laws in other states whose likely source is this state's law (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "copies_made",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "laws of this state whose likely source is another state's law (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "median_lag_behind_first",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "median years between the family's first adoption and this state's adoption, over the families where it followed"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_share",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "first_adopter divided by families (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "supply_ratio",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "copies_supplied divided by copies_made (ratio; empty when copies_made is 0)"
     },
     {
      "name": "region",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Brazil's macro-region: Norte, Nordeste, Centro-Oeste, Sudeste, Sul"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "copies",
   "chapter": "Copies",
   "rows": 25,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/04-diffusion/state_roles.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "copies-copy-network",
   "path": "tables/copies/copy-network.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Who copies whom: state-to-state copy counts",
   "description": "One row per ordered pair of states with at least one copy: how many laws of the follower state have the source state's law as their likely model, over the strict policy families (1,893 copies on 433 edges). The source is the most similar earlier member of the family, a likely model rather than a proven one. Geography does not decide who copies whom: the source is a bordering state in 21.3% of copies against 20.9% expected from timing alone; Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 21355,
   "hash": "sha256:70bb716237fceeb9d67c115e631ef09a987f7232faf93d10996091ea90b6c4e0",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "src_part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "state whose law was copied (two-letter UF code)"
     },
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "state that copied (UF)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "copies from src_part to part (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "mean_j",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "mean Jaccard similarity between the copies and their source texts (0 to 1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "median_lag",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "median years between the source's adoption and the copy"
     },
     {
      "name": "neighbor",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true if the two states share a border"
     },
     {
      "name": "same_region",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true if the two states are in the same macro-region"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "copies",
   "chapter": "Copies",
   "rows": 433,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/04-diffusion/network_edges.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "wiring-status-summary",
   "path": "tables/wiring/status-summary.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Norms in force, revoked and struck by courts",
   "description": "Headline figures of the citation graph and of the status of norms derived from it, one figure per row. Counted in the corpus: every reference a norm makes to another (citation, amendment, revocation, regulation, or a compiler's 'see' note) was extracted from the text with a grammar and matched to the catalog, and a norm counts as revoked when a total revocation in force by mid-October 2026 points at it. Court rulings are not in this table: the same final build (16 October 2026) counts 1,382 norms wholly struck down or suspended by a court and 279,795 norms neither revoked nor struck. A revocation the text does not record is not seen, so 'not revoked' means 'not known to be revoked'.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 1143,
   "hash": "sha256:75039dedd905f42051fdcb47f97649ec7ca032371df5afa09a82e9215acd2024",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "metric",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "name of the figure: catalog_norms (norms in the corpus); edge_rows and mentions (distinct reference rows and the raw mentions behind them); citing_norms and citing_norms_pct (norms making at least one reference, count and % of the corpus); edge_rows_resolved_pct (% of rows matched to a corpus norm); edges_cita, edges_altera, edges_revoga, edges_vide, edges_regulamenta (rows by kind: cites, amends, revokes, compiler 'see' note, regulates); resolved_pct_<kind> (% of references to that kind matched: cf the 1988 Constitution, ce a state constitution, lei ordinary law, lc Lei Complementar, del decree-law); revoga_rows_with_later_effect and revoga_rows_effect_after_today (revocation rows taking effect after the act's own date, and after mid-October 2026); norms_scheduled_total_revocation and norms_scheduled_partial_revocation (norms with an enacted revocation not yet in effect); vigencia_revogada_explicita (norms revoked whole by a text revocation in effect), vigencia_revogada (revoked by text, by a reliable portal flag, or on the Planalto federal legislation site's list), vigencia_revogacao_agendada (whole revocation enacted but not yet in effect), vigencia_effect_after_act (revoked norms whose revocation took effect after the revoking act's date); lei8666_* (Lei 8.666/1993, the old procurement law: the act that revoked it, the date the revocation took effect, the state norms citing it, those naming specific articles, and lei8666_state_citers_art_N those naming article N)"
     },
     {
      "name": "value",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the figure, stored as text because the column mixes counts, percentages from 0 to 100 (metric names ending in _pct), a date (lei8666_efeito, YYYY-MM-DD) and a corpus norm id (lei8666_revogada_por)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "wiring",
   "chapter": "The wiring",
   "rows": 40,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/05-graph/summary.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "wiring-load-bearing-federal",
   "path": "tables/wiring/load-bearing-federal.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Federal laws ranked by the norms that cite them",
   "description": "One row per federal norm (the 1988 Constitution included): the 300 most cited by other norms in the corpus, ranked by the number of distinct citing norms. Counted in the corpus on the citation graph: references that cite or regulate, found in a norm's own article text or preamble, excluding references inside new wording a law writes into another and preamble citations of a constitution (enacting formulas), collapsed to one per citing and cited pair; citing norms count whatever their status. References the grammar could not match to the catalog are not counted, and the match rate for statutes varies from 99.6% (Federal District) to 28.0% (Rio Grande do Norte), so counts are lower bounds. Decree-Law 1.202/1939 ranks high as an artefact: it is named in the enacting formula of the 1939-1945 state decree-laws.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 91427,
   "hash": "sha256:4693fa5ef1e6cd2724540f8de4876275cc677fbc0255f8d1d5d33e1a39b59d6d",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the cited norm (constituicao.md is the 1988 Constitution; other ids encode sphere, kind, year, number and date)"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as the catalog gives it, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Lei nº 4.320 de 17/03/1964')"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's official summary, in Portuguese, cut to 160 characters; empty for the Constitution"
     },
     {
      "name": "indeg_federal",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct federal norms (the Constitution included) that cite it"
     },
     {
      "name": "indeg_estadual",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct state and Federal District norms that cite it"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_estados",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of states with at least one citing norm, the Federal District included (at most 25, the states in the corpus)"
     },
     {
      "name": "indeg_total",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct citing norms, federal and state; the ranking key"
     },
     {
      "name": "pagerank",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "PageRank score on the whole citation graph (damping 0.85; the scores of all norms in the graph sum to 1): weight from being cited by norms that are themselves much cited"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the norm's official source text (normas.leg.br, the federal legislation portal, or planalto.gov.br, the Presidency's site); empty for the Constitution"
     },
     {
      "name": "rank_pagerank",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "rank of pagerank among the 300 rows of this table (1 = highest)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "wiring",
   "chapter": "The wiring",
   "rows": 300,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/05-graph/load_bearing_federal.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "wiring-federal-cited-by-states",
   "path": "tables/wiring/federal-cited-by-states.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Federal laws cited by state norms, by state",
   "description": "One row per federal norm: the 100 most cited by state and Federal District norms, ranked by the number of distinct state citing norms. It is the subset of wiring/load-bearing-federal (the 300 federal norms most cited overall) re-sorted by state citations, on the same citation graph and rules, so a norm much cited by states but outside that top 300 would be missing. State references the grammar could not match to the catalog are not counted, and the match rate is lowest in Rio Grande do Norte, Tocantins, Alagoas, Paraíba and Pernambuco, so counts are lower bounds.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 27925,
   "hash": "sha256:7fa99f4ba65de216faf5d148ca9b4e2aa9240b131c1de0efc58d71534f0542dc",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the cited norm (constituicao.md is the 1988 Constitution)"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as the catalog gives it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's official summary, in Portuguese, cut to 160 characters; empty for the Constitution"
     },
     {
      "name": "indeg_estadual",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct state and Federal District norms that cite it; the ranking key"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_estados",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of states with at least one citing norm, the Federal District included (at most 25)"
     },
     {
      "name": "indeg_federal",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct federal norms (the Constitution included) that cite it"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the norm's official source text; empty for the Constitution"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "wiring",
   "chapter": "The wiring",
   "rows": 100,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/05-graph/federal_cited_by_states.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "wiring-scheduled-revocations",
   "path": "tables/wiring/scheduled-revocations.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Revocations scheduled for a future date, including 1 January 2033",
   "description": "One row per revocation already enacted that takes effect after mid-October 2026: the norm revoked, the date, whether whole or in part, and the revoking act. Read from revocation clauses in the corpus text, the date taken from the clause, a list sub-heading or the act's own entry-into-force clause; 77 of the 85 rows come from LC 214/2025 (the Lei Complementar implementing the consumption-tax reform), which revokes PIS/Cofins laws (federal contributions on revenue) from 1 January 2027 and LC 87/1996 (the ICMS framework law), LC 116/2003, LC 160/2017, LC 192/2022 and Decree-Law 406/1968 from 1 January 2033; the rest are state acts. The norms listed are still in force. Citer counts include citing norms of every status, so they are higher than counts of citers not known to be revoked (352 state citers of LC 87/1996 here, 330 not known to be revoked).",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 30705,
   "hash": "sha256:7f35be5e0fb945d87cd0f0e6ad3d28092c09b09d84ff29829322459755d88821",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the norm whose revocation is scheduled"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as the catalog gives it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's official summary, in Portuguese, cut to 140 characters"
     },
     {
      "name": "efeito",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date the revocation takes effect (YYYY-MM-DD)"
     },
     {
      "name": "alcance",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "scope of the revocation: total (the whole norm) or parcial (some provisions)"
     },
     {
      "name": "artigos",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "articles of the norm revoked, comma-separated, with ';' between groups from different clauses; empty when the revocation is total or the clause names no article"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogada_por",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title of the revoking act, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "citantes_estaduais",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct state and Federal District norms that cite the norm, of any status"
     },
     {
      "name": "estados",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of states (Federal District included) with at least one citing norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "citantes_federais",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct federal norms that cite the norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the norm's official source text"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "wiring",
   "chapter": "The wiring",
   "rows": 85,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/05-graph/revogacoes_agendadas.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "wiring-lei-8666-dependants",
   "path": "tables/wiring/lei-8666-dependants.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "State norms in force that cite the revoked Lei 8.666/1993, by article",
   "description": "One row per revoked norm that norms enacted after its revocation still cite: the 200 revoked norms, federal and state, with the most such later citers. Despite the table's name it is not limited to Lei 8.666/1993 (the procurement law revoked from 30 December 2023), which is one row; the counts of state norms citing Lei 8.666 and the articles they name are in wiring/status-summary. Counted in the corpus on the citation graph of wiring/load-bearing-federal, for norms revoked whole by an explicit text revocation, comparing each citing norm's date with the date the revocation took effect. The list carries noise: undated references to small numbers that resolved to 1937 federal decree-laws ('Decreto-Lei nº 2'), and portal-specific formulas (Sergipe's public-utility declarations citing its Lei 5.206/2003, 193 later norms).",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 65841,
   "hash": "sha256:66bf089c60cd22c15208f51e1128c3ec6b78e0990f2fbc3bfc91851d39162213",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the revoked norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the revoked norm's title as the catalog gives it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the revoked norm's official summary, in Portuguese, cut to 140 characters; empty for 9 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogada_em",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date the revocation took effect (YYYY-MM-DD); 2023-12-30 for Lei 8.666/1993 and Lei 10.520/2002"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogada_por",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title of the revoking act, in Portuguese; empty when that act is not in the corpus"
     },
     {
      "name": "citantes_posteriores",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct norms dated after revogada_em that cite the revoked norm; the ranking key"
     },
     {
      "name": "partes",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of parts (states, Federal District, federal) to which those later citing norms belong"
     },
     {
      "name": "citantes_nao_revogados",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct citing norms of any date that are not known to be revoked (norms struck down by a court included)"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the revoked norm's official source text"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "wiring",
   "chapter": "The wiring",
   "rows": 200,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/05-graph/zombies_targets.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "wiring-churn-top",
   "path": "tables/wiring/churn-top.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "The most amended laws",
   "description": "One row per amended norm: the 15 most amended norms of each state and the Federal District, the 60 most amended federal norms, and the 1988 Constitution. Counted in the corpus as distinct amending acts: acts whose text amends the norm, plus acts outside the corpus (medidas provisórias, decrees, missing state laws) named in compiler notes such as '(Redação dada pela Lei nº ...)'; acts dated before the norm are dropped. Counts are lower bounds where portals publish only the original text, since an amendment is then seen only when the later act names the norm; much state churn is symbolic (consolidated laws of public-utility titles or commemorative dates take one amendment per new title or date).",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 135509,
   "hash": "sha256:0c60ddeca127a3c4328e7d3fff93546a598ccd65fe9011862f77a085fa815c6d",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "who enacted the norm: two-letter state code, federal, or cf for the 1988 Constitution"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the amended norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as the catalog gives it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's official summary, in Portuguese, cut to 160 characters"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano_norma",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year the norm was enacted; empty for one row (Mato Grosso do Sul's 1989 constitution, filed without a year)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_atos",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct acts that amend the norm; the ranking key within each part"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_atos_2021_2026",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of those amending acts dated 2021 or later"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_atos_2016_2026",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of those amending acts dated 2016 or later"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_artigos_anotados",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct articles of the norm carrying a compiler's amendment note (0 where the portal publishes no notes)"
     },
     {
      "name": "atos_por_ano",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "n_atos divided by the years from enactment to 2026 inclusive (amending acts per year); equals n_atos where ano_norma is empty"
     },
     {
      "name": "primeiro",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the earliest amending act"
     },
     {
      "name": "ultimo",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the latest amending act (one Goiás row shows 2099, a misread year)"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the norm's official source text"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "wiring",
   "chapter": "The wiring",
   "rows": 436,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/05-graph/churn_top.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "wiring-complexity-by-regime",
   "path": "tables/wiring/complexity-by-regime.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Size and churn of the main tax regimes' laws",
   "description": "One row per regime: a root law and how far its articles reach by following cross-references. Roots are LC 123/2006 (the Simples Nacional, the simplified regime for firms up to R$ 4.8 million of revenue), the CLT (the labour code), the CTN (the national tax code), LC 87/1996 (the ICMS framework law) and the main ICMS statute (ICMS: the state tax on goods and some services) of 21 states; Alagoas, Pernambuco and Tocantins have none in the corpus, Goiás's is a stub without text, and Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent. Counted in the corpus by breadth-first search over resolved citations in article text: a reference that names an article leads to that provision, one that does not leads to the whole norm and everything it cites. References to decrees, CONFAZ agreements (CONFAZ: the council of state finance secretaries that authorises ICMS incentives) and other acts outside the statute corpus are counted but not followed; LC 123's delegation to the resolutions of its managing committee is not captured, so its zero there is an undercount.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 5153,
   "hash": "sha256:3a9b404dad600b8cb837fef47694694cb49498c97ee6c55ed99f4a602885e5d9",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "regime",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "name of the regime with its root law (e.g. 'Simples (LC 123/2006)', 'ICMS SP (Lei 6.374/1989)')"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the root law"
     },
     {
      "name": "artigos",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of articles in the root law"
     },
     {
      "name": "no_nucleo",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true when the root law belongs to the core: the largest set of norms that can each reach all the others through citations (1,915 norms)"
     },
     {
      "name": "pct_artigos_dependentes",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "% of the root law's articles that cite at least one other norm or provision"
     },
     {
      "name": "refs_diretas_por_artigo",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "mean count of provisions or norms cited directly per article, over all articles"
     },
     {
      "name": "provisoes_ate_1_mediana",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "median count of provisions (or whole norms, when the reference names no article) reached in one step, among articles that cite something"
     },
     {
      "name": "provisoes_ate_2_mediana",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "median count of provisions or whole norms reached within two steps, among articles that cite something"
     },
     {
      "name": "provisoes_ate_3_mediana",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "median count of provisions or whole norms reached within three steps, among articles that cite something"
     },
     {
      "name": "provisoes_ate_3_p90",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "90th percentile of provisions or whole norms reached within three steps, among articles that cite something"
     },
     {
      "name": "normas_ate_3_mediana",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "median count of distinct norms other than the root reached within three steps, among articles that cite something"
     },
     {
      "name": "normas_ate_3_max",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "largest count of distinct norms reached within three steps from any one article"
     },
     {
      "name": "pct_artigos_ref_pontual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "% of articles with at least one pinpoint reference (one that names an article of another norm)"
     },
     {
      "name": "cadeia_pontual_mediana",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "median length, in steps, of the chain of pinpoint references until it ends, among articles with one"
     },
     {
      "name": "cadeia_pontual_p90",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "90th percentile of that chain length, in steps (interpolated, hence fractions)"
     },
     {
      "name": "cadeia_pontual_max",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "longest chain of pinpoint references from any article, in steps"
     },
     {
      "name": "pontuais_alcancaveis_mediana",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "median count of provisions reachable through pinpoint references alone, among articles with one"
     },
     {
      "name": "pontuais_alcancaveis_max",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "largest count of provisions reachable through pinpoint references alone from any article"
     },
     {
      "name": "normas_nivel_1",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of norms the root law cites directly, at whole-norm level"
     },
     {
      "name": "normas_ate_2",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of norms reached within two steps at whole-norm level"
     },
     {
      "name": "normas_ate_3",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of norms reached within three steps at whole-norm level"
     },
     {
      "name": "normas_fecho",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of all norms reachable from the root law at whole-norm level (the closure)"
     },
     {
      "name": "profundidade_fecho",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of steps until the closure stops growing"
     },
     {
      "name": "profundidade_90pct",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "step by which 90% of the closure has been reached"
     },
     {
      "name": "refs_fora_por_100_artigos",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "references to acts outside the statute corpus per 100 articles of the root law"
     },
     {
      "name": "refs_decreto",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of references to decrees (not in the corpus)"
     },
     {
      "name": "refs_confaz",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of references to CONFAZ convênios, protocolos and ajustes (agreements among the states)"
     },
     {
      "name": "refs_mp",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of references to medidas provisórias (presidential decrees with force of law, not in the corpus)"
     },
     {
      "name": "refs_lei_fora",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of references to statutes (laws, Leis Complementares, decree-laws, constitutional amendments) not found in the corpus"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "wiring",
   "chapter": "The wiring",
   "rows": 25,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/05-graph/complexity_regimes.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "lines-threshold-catalog",
   "path": "tables/lines/threshold-catalog.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Numeric lines in the law (revenue, headcount, area, value), verified",
   "description": "One row per statutory line the essay relies on (a number in the law where treatment changes: revenue, headcount, area, value, age), with the norm, the article, the verbatim words and what changes past the line. Each quote was read by hand and checked verbatim against the corpus text; all 137 were found. versao_texto says which version of the text the corpus holds: federal texts are mostly compiled current texts, state texts often original enactments, so a state line may have changed since and should be confirmed with the official source; Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 44746,
   "hash": "sha256:96c912ff023503c3ec01d335baa34acece0ee2f212677cee21409e1fa1961366",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "group",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "area of the line (code, inferred from the values): federal-business (firm-size and tax-regime lines: MEI, Simples Nacional, presumed profit, procurement), federal-labor (headcount and workplace duties), federal-personal (personal income tax), federal-land (rural land and environment), cf (the 1988 Constitution), state-rpv (state small-claim payment lines), state-ipva (state vehicle-tax age exemptions), state-porte (state firm-size bands), state-headcount (state headcount lines), state-minwage (state minimum wages), state-icms (state ICMS programmes), lead (a related provision kept as a lead, not a line)"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as the catalog gives it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "art",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article, paragraph or item where the line sits (e.g. 'art. 3 II', 'art. 18-A §1'); empty for 17 rows (inferred: quotes not tied to a single article)"
     },
     {
      "name": "line",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "short English label of the line and its value (e.g. 'ME R$ 360k', 'EPP R$ 4.8M'; ME is the microempresa and EPP the empresa de pequeno porte, the two small-firm sizes of LC 123/2006)"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the verbatim words of the law, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "consequence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what changes past the line, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the norm's official source text; empty for 3 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "versao_texto",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "version of the text the corpus holds, as the source labels it, in Portuguese (e.g. 'compilada (texto vigente)' = compiled current text, 'original' = as enacted, 'reparado' = repaired from the official compiled text)"
     },
     {
      "name": "found",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true when the quote was found verbatim in the corpus text (true for all 137 rows)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "lines",
   "chapter": "Lines",
   "rows": 137,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/06-thresholds/catalog_verified.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "lines-bunching-revenue",
   "path": "tables/lines/bunching-revenue.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Firms by revenue bin around the regime lines",
   "description": "One row per year and revenue bin: the national count of firms in the Simples Nacional (the simplified tax regime for small firms) by annual gross revenue, with their revenue, jobs and payroll, 2009-2019. Taken from the Receita Federal's public workbooks 'Grandes Números do Simples Nacional' and summed over states: equal bins of R$ 120,000 up to the R$ 2.4 million ceiling in 2009-2011 and of R$ 180,000 up to R$ 3.6 million in 2012-2017, each year with an open top bin, and only the seven statutory brackets (up to R$ 4.8 million and above) in 2018-2019. Against a log-linear trend the last bin below the ceiling holds 49% to 99% more firms than predicted every year, against 3% to 9% in placebo bins. These are aggregate counts, not microdata: real size cannot be told apart from under-reported revenue, and firms excluded during the year drop out of the lower bins.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 14648,
   "hash": "sha256:742e6140c4d2200a9ccf29de9f1b2ff92b90075a1354cbd5b8a0a62ee2872ceb",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "year",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "calendar year of the counts (2009-2019)"
     },
     {
      "name": "lo",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "lower edge of the revenue bin, R$ of annual gross revenue"
     },
     {
      "name": "hi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "upper edge of the bin, R$ of annual gross revenue; empty for the open top bin"
     },
     {
      "name": "firms",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count of Simples Nacional firms in the bin, all states summed"
     },
     {
      "name": "revenue",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "total gross revenue of those firms in the year, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "jobs",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count of jobs (employees) in those firms"
     },
     {
      "name": "payroll",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "total wage bill of those firms, R$ (inferred: summed from the workbooks' wage-bill column, for the year)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "lines",
   "chapter": "Lines",
   "rows": 203,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/06-thresholds/bunching_bins.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "lines-bunching-headcount",
   "path": "tables/lines/bunching-headcount.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Establishments by headcount around the headcount lines",
   "description": "One row per year and headcount tested: whether private establishments pile up at the last headcount free of a legal duty (16 'line' rows, such as time records above 20 workers or the disability quota from 100 employees) or at a headcount with no line (24 'placebo' rows). Counted in the public, anonymised RAIS establishment files (RAIS: the labour ministry's yearly register of formal employment) for 2018 and 2024: private establishments by active employment links on 31 December. Two measures: the ratio of the count at L to the count at L+1 against the same ratio at neighbouring headcounts, and the count at L against a smooth polynomial fit. The file has no firm identifier, so firm-level lines (99 and 200) are tested on establishments, and above about 50 workers there are too few establishments per headcount to detect effects under 10%.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 3500,
   "hash": "sha256:e6f5d2a0885ccc5dd4deb6429db2976271cb2bad903ec93a611784e2392f6058",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "year",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "RAIS year (2018 or 2024; links active on 31 December)"
     },
     {
      "name": "L_last_free",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "L, the last headcount free of the duty; the duty starts at L+1 workers"
     },
     {
      "name": "kind",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "line (a legal duty starts at L+1) or placebo (no line; a control)"
     },
     {
      "name": "what",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the duty that starts above L, in English with the law's words in Portuguese ('mais de 10' = more than 10); 'no line' for placebos"
     },
     {
      "name": "count_L",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of establishments with exactly L employment links"
     },
     {
      "name": "count_L_plus_1",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of establishments with exactly L+1 employment links"
     },
     {
      "name": "ratio_L_to_next",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count_L divided by count_L_plus_1"
     },
     {
      "name": "neighbor_ratio_median",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "median of the same ratio (count at n over count at n+1) for n from L-6 to L+6, leaving out L-1, L and L+1"
     },
     {
      "name": "jump_pct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "ratio_L_to_next over neighbor_ratio_median, minus 1, in %; 0 means no bunching"
     },
     {
      "name": "jump_poisson_se_pct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "Poisson standard error of jump_pct, in percentage points"
     },
     {
      "name": "excess_establishments",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count_L minus the count expected from count_L_plus_1 and the neighbour ratio (count of establishments)"
     },
     {
      "name": "predicted_L",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "establishments expected at L from a fifth-degree polynomial fit of log count on log headcount over 5-300 workers, leaving out headcounts near any line (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "excess_at_L_pct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count_L over predicted_L, minus 1, in %"
     },
     {
      "name": "excess_above_pct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "observed over predicted establishments at L+1 and L+2 together, minus 1, in % (negative = a dip just above the line)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "lines",
   "chapter": "Lines",
   "rows": 40,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/06-thresholds/rais_bunching.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "lines-mei-exit",
   "path": "tables/lines/mei-exit.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Tax before and after the MEI line",
   "description": "One row per annual revenue level: the year's tax for a service MEI (the one-person firm regime, up to R$ 81,000 of revenue a year) as its revenue crosses the ceiling. Computed from LC 123/2006 art. 18-A with 2026 values: a fixed DAS (the single monthly Simples payment) of R$ 86.05 a month, 5% of the R$ 1,621 minimum wage plus R$ 5 of ISS (the municipal services tax); between R$ 81,000 and R$ 97,200 the Simples rate on the excess only; one real above R$ 97,200 the exit is retroactive to 1 January and the whole year is taxed as a microempresa in Anexo III (6%). Costs that also start at the exit (bookkeeping, the partner's social-security contribution) are not included.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 371,
   "hash": "sha256:8510c6c5e19f8b8e3c831698856f0c7a6d5529e73a1a5e920843a05cd9ef3c1e",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "annual_revenue",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "gross revenue in the year, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "regime",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "how the year is taxed at that revenue: MEI; 'MEI + DAS on excess (ME next year)'; 'ME retroactive (Anexo III)' (ME: microempresa in the Simples Nacional)"
     },
     {
      "name": "tax_due_year",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "tax due for the year, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "pct_of_revenue",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "tax_due_year as % of annual_revenue"
     },
     {
      "name": "tax_if_me_all_year",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "tax if the whole year were taxed as a microempresa in Anexo III, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "mei_fixed_year",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "the MEI's fixed yearly payment (12 monthly DAS), R$"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "lines",
   "chapter": "Lines",
   "rows": 6,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/06-thresholds/mei_exit.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "lines-simples-marginal",
   "path": "tables/lines/simples-marginal.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Marginal rates inside the Simples bands",
   "description": "One row per Simples Nacional annex and revenue band: the band's statutory rate, which is the marginal rate on revenue, and the effective rate at the band's edges. Computed from the tables of LC 123/2006 (Anexos I to V, in force since 2018): the effective rate is (RBT12 x nominal rate - deduction) / RBT12, so each extra real of revenue pays the nominal rate, while the deduction keeps the effective rate continuous across band edges. In band 6 (R$ 3.6 to 4.8 million) ICMS and ISS are paid outside the Simples and are not in these rates.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 1295,
   "hash": "sha256:f4b36ac6596c1f1d0f4c47c9722a78f4c4e95a10089aa13323a9b66b2b421365",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "anexo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the Simples annex (code): I trade, II industry, III and V services, IV services whose employer social-security contribution is paid outside the Simples (building, cleaning, security, law)"
     },
     {
      "name": "faixa",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "revenue band, 1 (lowest) to 6"
     },
     {
      "name": "from_rbt12",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "lower edge of the band, R$ of gross revenue over the previous 12 months (RBT12)"
     },
     {
      "name": "to_rbt12",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "upper edge of the band, R$ of RBT12"
     },
     {
      "name": "marginal_rate_pct_on_revenue",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the band's nominal rate, which is the tax on each extra real of revenue, %"
     },
     {
      "name": "effective_pct_at_start",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "effective rate at the band's lower edge, % of revenue"
     },
     {
      "name": "effective_pct_at_end",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "effective rate at the band's upper edge, % of revenue"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "lines",
   "chapter": "Lines",
   "rows": 30,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/06-thresholds/simples_marginal.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "lines-fator-r",
   "path": "tables/lines/fator-r.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "The payroll-to-revenue ratio rule and its effect on the rate",
   "description": "One row per revenue level: what the fator R rule is worth to a service firm in the Simples Nacional. Under LC 123/2006 art. 18 §5-J and §5-M a firm whose payroll (partners' pro-labore included) is at least 28% of revenue pays the rates of Anexo III instead of the higher ones of Anexo V; computed from the statutory tables. R$ figures are yearly; the cost of raising payroll (the partners' income tax and social-security contributions on a higher pro-labore) is not in the table.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 476,
   "hash": "sha256:533313d6848063f8f227ba2ed13a18e71d3f2ecfcfc8a7ae64de8d992d0f0233",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "rbt12",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "gross revenue over the previous 12 months, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "anexo_III_eff_pct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "effective Simples rate in Anexo III at that revenue, %"
     },
     {
      "name": "anexo_V_eff_pct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "effective Simples rate in Anexo V at that revenue, %"
     },
     {
      "name": "gap_pp",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "anexo_V_eff_pct minus anexo_III_eff_pct, percentage points of revenue"
     },
     {
      "name": "gap_rs_per_year",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "the same gap in R$ a year (negative at R$ 4.8 million, where Anexo V is cheaper)"
     },
     {
      "name": "payroll_to_go_from_20_to_28pct",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "extra yearly payroll needed to raise payroll from 20% to 28% of revenue, R$ (8% of rbt12)"
     },
     {
      "name": "payroll_per_1pp_of_fator_r",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "yearly payroll equal to one percentage point of fator R, R$ (1% of rbt12)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "lines",
   "chapter": "Lines",
   "rows": 8,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/06-thresholds/fator_r.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "lines-presumed-versus-actual-profit",
   "path": "tables/lines/presumed-versus-actual-profit.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Lucro presumido against lucro real at several margins",
   "description": "One row per kind of firm and profit margin: the federal tax of a firm with R$ 78 million of yearly revenue, the ceiling of the lucro presumido (the regime that taxes income on a fixed share of revenue), against what it would pay under lucro real (tax on actual accounting profit), compulsory above that line. Computed from the statutes for IRPJ and CSLL (the corporate income taxes) and PIS/Cofins (federal contributions on revenue) only: presumido uses presumption rates of 32% for services and 8% (IRPJ) and 12% (CSLL) for trade, raised by LC 224/2025 on revenue above R$ 5 million, and cumulative PIS/Cofins of 3.65%; lucro real taxes profit at 15%, plus 10% above R$ 240,000, plus 9%, and revenue at 9.25% net of credits on inputs. Margins and creditable input shares are assumptions, not data; ICMS, ISS, payroll charges and compliance costs are left out.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 665,
   "hash": "sha256:997b575b7dcd876dff213d79aa6c80ff5fb140c908de46c70c9710f699936eb4",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "kind",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "kind of firm: services or trade"
     },
     {
      "name": "actual_margin",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "actual profit as a share of revenue, from 0 to 1 (assumed)"
     },
     {
      "name": "pis_cofins_creditable_share_estimate",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of revenue spent on inputs that give PIS/Cofins credits under lucro real, from 0 to 1 (estimate: 0.15 services, 0.70 trade)"
     },
     {
      "name": "presumido_tax",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "yearly IRPJ, CSLL and PIS/Cofins under lucro presumido, R$ (does not depend on the margin)"
     },
     {
      "name": "lucro_real_tax",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "yearly IRPJ, CSLL and PIS/Cofins under lucro real, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "jump_rs",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "lucro_real_tax minus presumido_tax, R$ a year (negative = lucro real is cheaper)"
     },
     {
      "name": "jump_pp",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "jump_rs as percentage points of revenue"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "lines",
   "chapter": "Lines",
   "rows": 12,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/06-thresholds/presumido_real.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "lines-irpf-2026-marginal",
   "path": "tables/lines/irpf-2026-marginal.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Marginal income-tax rates under Lei 15.270/2025",
   "description": "One row per gross monthly salary, from R$ 3,000 to R$ 12,000 in steps of R$ 250: an employee's monthly income-tax withholding (IRPF, the personal income tax) and social-security contribution (INSS) in 2026, with average and marginal rates. Computed from the 2026 monthly IRPF table with the reduction of Lei 15.270/2025 (no tax up to R$ 5,000 a month, the reduction phased out linearly up to R$ 7,350) and the 2026 INSS table, for a worker with no dependants who deducts the larger of the INSS contribution and the simplified deduction of R$ 607.20. Marginal rates are the tax on the next R$ 10 of salary; the employer's own charges are not included.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 1339,
   "hash": "sha256:c8124dc9606f11e783db7e32e790175ab31c0c2e9b35db884d6f2bb63524c3e6",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "gross_monthly_salary",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "gross salary, R$ a month"
     },
     {
      "name": "irpf",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "monthly income-tax withholding, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "inss",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "employee's INSS contribution, R$ a month (progressive rates of 7.5% to 14% up to the R$ 8,475.55 ceiling)"
     },
     {
      "name": "irpf_avg_pct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "irpf as % of gross salary"
     },
     {
      "name": "irpf_marginal_pct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "income tax on the next R$ 10 of salary, %"
     },
     {
      "name": "irpf_plus_inss_marginal_pct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "income tax plus INSS on the next R$ 10 of salary, %"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "lines",
   "chapter": "Lines",
   "rows": 37,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/06-thresholds/irpf_2026_marginal.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "lines-small-claims-lines",
   "path": "tables/lines/small-claims-lines.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "State small-claim (RPV) payment lines",
   "description": "One row per state (the Federal District included): the line below which a court award against the state is paid within months as an RPV (requisição de pequeno valor) rather than through precatórios (court-ordered debts paid in a queue over years), in 2026 reais. Read in the corpus: the newest state law that sets the line for the state's own debts, converted with 2026 values of the minimum wage (R$ 1,621) and of state fiscal units; where no law was found (Alagoas, Pernambuco, Piauí, Sergipe, Tocantins) the constitutional default of 40 minimum wages applies (ADCT art. 87 I; ADCT: the Constitution's transitional provisions). Only SP, Minas Gerais and the Federal District were checked against official sites; the other texts are often original enactments, so the current line should be confirmed with the state court; Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 4323,
   "hash": "sha256:f5b666ab1f9b290bd839801ad4eefd95956be921d69a8ea674953a79e3b2d85e",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the law that sets the line; empty where no law was found"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the law's title, in Portuguese; 'no law found; ADCT art. 87 I default' where none was found"
     },
     {
      "name": "units",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the line as the law writes it, in units of unit (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "unit",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "unit of the line (code): SM (national minimum wage), UFIRCE (Ceará fiscal unit), UFESP (SP), VRTE (Espírito Santo), UPF-MT (Mato Grosso), UFEMG (Minas Gerais), UFERMS (Mato Grosso do Sul)"
     },
     {
      "name": "unit_value_2026",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "value of one unit in 2026, R$ (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul units at their October 2026 value)"
     },
     {
      "name": "reais_2026",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the line in 2026, R$ (units x unit_value_2026)"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the law's official source text; empty where no law was found"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "lines",
   "chapter": "Lines",
   "rows": 25,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/06-thresholds/rpv_by_state.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "words-definitions-top20",
   "path": "tables/words/definitions-top20.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Twenty terms with the most legal definitions, and the definitions",
   "description": "One row per selected legal definition. For each of the 20 economically loaded terms whose definitions diverge most (ranks 1-20, by div_overall in words/concepts-ranked) and six terms added on request (ranks 21-26: startup, empresa de base tecnológica, inovação, data center, renda familiar per capita, entidade sem fins lucrativos), it keeps up to five federal definitions, the four state definitions least similar to federal law (one per state), and the definitions holding the lowest and highest value of each numeric parameter. Definitions were extracted from article text in the corpus with patterns such as 'considera-se ...' and 'para os efeitos desta Lei, entende-se por ...' and compared as vectors of words and word pairs; terms that set the coverage of a statute rather than eligibility (servidor público, família, criança ...) are left out of the ranking. Definition texts are cut to 450 characters; Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 118167,
   "hash": "sha256:ba4af50fed8d2480c9dc15aecb2362db2414dc27491840987fe49da89d8c625a",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "rank",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "the term's rank: 1-20 the most divergent economically loaded terms, 21-26 terms added on request"
     },
     {
      "name": "concept",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the curated concept, in unaccented lower-case Portuguese (e.g. 'pessoa com deficiencia' = person with disability, 'baixa renda' = low income)"
     },
     {
      "name": "role",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "why the row was picked: federal (a federal anchor definition); 'far from federal' (a state definition among the four least similar to any federal one); 'far from centroid' (the same, for a term with no federal definition); 'min <kind>:<unit>' or 'max <kind>:<unit>' (the lowest or highest value of a parameter, e.g. 'min revenue:BRL', 'max age:years')"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the defining norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as the catalog gives it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "who enacted the norm: federal, cf (the 1988 Constitution) or a two-letter state code"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "art",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article where the definition sits"
     },
     {
      "name": "kind",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "pattern that found the definition (code): list ('considera-se:' followed by numbered items), single ('Considera-se X ... a pessoa que'), passive ('São consideradas X ...'), subject ('A pessoa com Y é considerada X', an extension), copula ('X é toda pessoa ...'), equip ('Equipara-se a X', extension by equivalence), recog (extension by recognition or classification), sub (lettered sub-item of a list)"
     },
     {
      "name": "term_raw",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the defined term as written in the law, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "definiens",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the defining text, in Portuguese, cut to 450 characters; empty in one row"
     },
     {
      "name": "parameters",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "numeric parameters read from the definition (e.g. 'revenue R$ 360,000', 'age 15-29', 'income 2 SM' where SM = minimum wages); empty when there are none"
     },
     {
      "name": "unlocks",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the definition gates, a heuristic class from keywords in the norm's summary and the definition's scope (code): tax, procurement, access/priority, social benefit/program, fomento/finance (development finance), duty/restriction, budget, other"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's official summary, in Portuguese, cut to 260 characters; empty for 7 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "sim_ref",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "cosine similarity, from 0 to 1, of the definition to the nearest federal definition of the same concept (to the concept's centroid when it has no federal definition); 1 for federal rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "ref_federal",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true when the definition cites a federal anchor law (e.g. LC 123/2006, Lei 13.146/2015, the Estatuto do Idoso) by number or name"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogada",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true when the norm is known to be revoked (citation-graph status, else the catalog); false means no revocation was found, not that the norm is in force"
     },
     {
      "name": "vigente_flag",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "status flag from an earlier build of the classification: sim (no revocation known), nao (revoked or struck down), desconhecido (no status data; most state norms then); revogada is the later status"
     },
     {
      "name": "stub_file",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true when the corpus file is a stub without the norm's text (false in every row)"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the norm's official source text; empty in one row"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "words",
   "chapter": "Words",
   "rows": 183,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/07-definitions/top20_definitions.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "words-concepts-ranked",
   "path": "tables/words/concepts-ranked.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Defined concepts ranked by how far their definitions diverge",
   "description": "One row per curated concept: 61 economically or legally loaded terms, each gathering several wordings (baixa renda, for example, also covers 'família de baixa renda' and 'pessoa hipossuficiente'), with how many norms define it and how far the definitions diverge overall, within federal law, across states and between federal and state law. Definitions were extracted from article text in the corpus; each distinct defining text became a vector of words and word pairs weighted by rarity, texts were compared by cosine similarity, and 'meanings' are clusters of texts cut at similarity 0.25. Scores are heuristic and grow with the number of texts; concepts with very many texts are compared on a sample of them, numeric parameters are read by regular expressions, and Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 13220,
   "hash": "sha256:c985c3040201615832f046df6cd9432bb48544ed97989b9ca12d28915da5ed55",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "concept",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the curated concept, in unaccented lower-case Portuguese (e.g. 'microempresa', 'pequeno produtor rural' = small rural producer)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_defs",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of definitions of the concept"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_norms",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct norms that define it"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_parts",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of parts (federal, the Constitution, states) with a definition"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_states",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of states with a definition, the Federal District included"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_fed_norms",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of federal norms (Constitution included) with a definition"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_variants",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct defining texts"
     },
     {
      "name": "mean_sim",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "mean pairwise cosine similarity among the distinct texts, from 0 to 1"
     },
     {
      "name": "meanings",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of distinct meanings: clusters of texts (average linkage) cut at cosine similarity 0.25"
     },
     {
      "name": "state_cross_sim",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "mean similarity between texts of different states, from 0 to 1; empty with fewer than two state texts"
     },
     {
      "name": "state_meanings",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count of meanings among state texts; empty with fewer than two state texts"
     },
     {
      "name": "state_ref_federal_share",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of state definitions that cite a federal anchor law, from 0 to 1"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_age_range",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "age ranges found in the definitions, in years ('min-max'), ';'-separated"
     },
     {
      "name": "param_kinds_divergent",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of parameter kinds with more than one distinct value"
     },
     {
      "name": "state_to_fed_sim",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "mean, over state texts, of the similarity to the nearest federal text, from 0 to 1"
     },
     {
      "name": "state_far_share",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of state texts whose nearest federal text has similarity below 0.25, from 0 to 1"
     },
     {
      "name": "fed_mean_sim",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "mean pairwise similarity among federal texts, from 0 to 1; empty with fewer than two"
     },
     {
      "name": "fed_meanings",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count of meanings among federal texts; empty with fewer than two"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_area_modulo_fiscal",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "areas found, in módulos fiscais (a municipal unit of rural land size set by the land agency), ';'-separated"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_area_modulo_rural",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "areas found, in módulos rurais (an older rural land unit)"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_area_m2",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "areas found, in square metres"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_income_sm",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "income lines found, in multiples of the minimum wage, ';'-separated"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_income_pc_sm",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "per-capita income lines found, in multiples of the minimum wage"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_power_kw",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "power limits found, in kW"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_income_upf",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "income lines found, in UPF (a state fiscal unit)"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_income_pc_brl",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "per-capita income lines found, in R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_power_kwh",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "energy limits found, in kWh"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_sm_sm",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "multiples of the minimum wage found outside an income or revenue context (inferred from the column name and values)"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_age_max",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "maximum ages found, in years, ';'-separated"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_age",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "ages found, in years, ';'-separated"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_revenue_brl",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "revenue lines found, in R$, ';'-separated (up to 25 values)"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_revenue_upf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "revenue lines found, in UPF (a state fiscal unit)"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_power_mw",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "power limits found, in MW"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_age_min",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "minimum ages found, in years, ';'-separated"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_area_ha",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "areas found, in hectares, ';'-separated"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_revenue_unidades fiscais do estado",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "revenue lines found, in a state's fiscal units"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_revenue_unidades fiscais de referencia",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "revenue lines found, in fiscal reference units"
     },
     {
      "name": "p_revenue_ufir",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "revenue lines found, in UFIR (the federal fiscal reference unit, abolished in 2000)"
     },
     {
      "name": "div_overall",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "divergence score: meanings (capped at 50) x (1 - mean_sim) + param_kinds_divergent; the ranking key"
     },
     {
      "name": "div_federal",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "divergence within federal law: fed_meanings x (1 - fed_mean_sim)"
     },
     {
      "name": "div_states",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "divergence across states: state_meanings x (1 - state_cross_sim)"
     },
     {
      "name": "div_fed_vs_state",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "federal against state divergence: (1 - state_to_fed_sim) x ln(1 + n_states)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "words",
   "chapter": "Words",
   "rows": 61,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/07-definitions/concepts_ranked.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "words-disability-census",
   "path": "tables/words/disability-census.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "State laws that extend the legal meaning of pessoa com deficiência",
   "description": "One row per state law that extends the legal status of pessoa com deficiência (person with disability, which federal Lei 13.146/2015, the LBI, ties to a biopsychosocial assessment) to a named condition such as autism, fibromyalgia or unilateral deafness: 134 laws in 23 states. Found in the corpus by definition patterns in article text and by a scan of the laws' official summaries (24 laws were found only that way and read in full); what the law requires before the status applies was read by hand for 34 laws and otherwise taken from the extending article or a keyword screen of the full text. The 63 laws marked 'screen: none found' were screened, not read; Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 28606,
   "hash": "sha256:dcca401bc4c87e3bd7bfe11a33faff4bcfa90d1754f72490d6a0d8d79813c35a",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the law"
     },
     {
      "name": "part",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the law's title as the catalog gives it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the law, from the catalog"
     },
     {
      "name": "condition",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the condition the law covers, in Portuguese (e.g. 'TEA/autismo' autism spectrum, 'deficiência auditiva unilateral' one-sided deafness, 'doença renal crônica' chronic kidney disease, 'visão monocular' monocular vision, 'fissura labiopalatina' cleft lip and palate)"
     },
     {
      "name": "source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "how the law was found: extracted (definition patterns in the text), ementa (scan of the official summary only), both"
     },
     {
      "name": "kinds",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "definition pattern(s) of the extracted article, comma-separated: subject, recog, single, passive, equip (as in words/definitions-top20); empty for laws found only through the summary"
     },
     {
      "name": "row_assessment",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true when the extending article itself conditions the status on the LBI assessment; empty for laws found only through the summary"
     },
     {
      "name": "text_assessment",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true when a keyword screen of the full text found an assessment clause anywhere in the law"
     },
     {
      "name": "text_report",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true when the screen found a medical-report requirement anywhere in the law"
     },
     {
      "name": "reading",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "result of the hand reading, in English, for the 34 laws read; empty otherwise"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogada",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true when the law is known to be revoked (2 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "assessment",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the law requires before the status applies, prefixed by how that was established: 'read:' hand reading, 'row:' the extending article, 'screen:' keyword screen (e.g. 'read: LBI assessment required', 'screen: medical report', 'screen: none found')"
     },
     {
      "name": "vigente_flag",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "status flag from an earlier build of the classification: sim (no revocation known), nao (revoked or struck down), desconhecido (no status data)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "words",
   "chapter": "Words",
   "rows": 134,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/07-definitions/pcd_census.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "borders-icms-incentive-programs",
   "path": "tables/borders/icms-incentive-programs.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "ICMS incentive programmes by state",
   "description": "One row per main ICMS incentive programme of a state (ICMS: the state tax on goods and some services): its base law, mechanism, ceiling, what the firm gives in return, maximum term, a verbatim quote and whether the benefit can be compensated by the federal fund for the 2029-2032 cut. Read in the corpus from each programme's base law and its amending laws, with a few rows from official web pages; Paraná and Rio de Janeiro appear only as gap rows. Several base laws are missing or garbled by OCR in the corpus (see evidence and gaps), and most percentages sit in decrees outside it, so ceilings are incomplete.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 16512,
   "hash": "sha256:01af316ff5234342b08f60ced7d3bd9f48bd7241099a7db021c62d16661a8fd5",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "uf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code"
     },
     {
      "name": "program",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "programme name (e.g. FOMENTAR, PRODUZIR, ProGoiás), or the base law where the programme has no name"
     },
     {
      "name": "statute",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "number of the programme's base law, written Brazilian style with a dot for thousands (9.489 = Lei 9.489); read as a number, so trailing zeros are lost (7.98 = Lei 7.980, 6.0 = Lei 6.000, 93.0 = LC 93, 144.0 = Lei 0144); empty for Paraná and Rio de Janeiro"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the base law; empty for 3 rows whose law is not in the corpus"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the base law's title as the catalog gives it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the base law's official source text"
     },
     {
      "name": "mechanism",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "how the benefit works, in English (e.g. presumed credit, financing of the ICMS due with a discount on early repayment, deferral)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ceiling",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the largest benefit the law allows, as stated (e.g. '73% of ICMS on own industrial operations'); empty where the corpus gives none"
     },
     {
      "name": "counterpart",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the firm must pay or do in return (fund contributions, investment, jobs) and limits on combining programmes; empty where none was found"
     },
     {
      "name": "max_term",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "maximum term of the benefit (e.g. 'to 2032 (LC 160 art. 3 §2 I)'); empty where none was found"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the law's operative words, verbatim in Portuguese, with the article"
     },
     {
      "name": "evidence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "where the row comes from: [corpus], [corpus, OCR] (text read through OCR noise), [web: URL], [gap] (no source in this release)"
     },
     {
      "name": "compensation_fund_note",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "whether and how the benefit can be compensated by the federal fund for the 2029-2032 cut (EC 132/2023 art. 12; LC 214/2025 arts. 384-405); empty where not assessed"
     },
     {
      "name": "gaps",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what is missing (later amendments, decrees outside the corpus, unchecked sources)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_amending_laws_in_corpus",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of laws in the corpus that amend the base law"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "borders",
   "chapter": "Borders",
   "rows": 32,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/08-state-tax/incentive_programs.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "borders-icms-incentive-value-by-year",
   "path": "tables/borders/icms-incentive-value-by-year.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Value of an ICMS incentive through the 2029-2032 phase-down",
   "description": "One row per kind of ICMS incentive: its value in each year from 2027 to 2033 as a share of its 2028 level, under the phase-out of the consumption-tax reform. Computed from the Constitution and the statutes: ADCT art. 128 (ADCT: the Constitution's transitional provisions) cuts ICMS rates and benefits to 9/10, 8/10, 7/10 and 6/10 in 2029-2032, ADCT art. 129 abolishes ICMS in 2033, onerous benefits granted by 31 May 2023 are compensated for the cut by a federal fund (EC 132/2023 art. 12), and commercial, port and farm benefits had been on a 20%-a-year cut under LC 160/2017 art. 3 §2-A before the reform replaced it. Values are before discounting and assume the fund pays in full; the §2-A path assumes the linear reading of '20% ao ano'.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 512,
   "hash": "sha256:c94e86a297959f0ad8720a2dbfbc36e6571e51e24751bb4af0e90a265bb4cfaf",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "case",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "kind of benefit and legal path, in English (e.g. 'industrial, onerous, compensated'; 'compensation entitlement alone' is the fund's payment by itself)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2027",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "value in 2027 as a share of the 2028 level, from 0 to 1"
     },
     {
      "name": "2028",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "value in 2028, share of the 2028 level (1 by construction, except for the compensation alone)"
     },
     {
      "name": "2029",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "value in 2029 as a share of the 2028 level, fund payment included where compensated"
     },
     {
      "name": "2030",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "value in 2030 as a share of the 2028 level, fund payment included where compensated"
     },
     {
      "name": "2031",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "value in 2031 as a share of the 2028 level, fund payment included where compensated"
     },
     {
      "name": "2032",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "value in 2032 as a share of the 2028 level, fund payment included where compensated"
     },
     {
      "name": "2033",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "value in 2033 (0: ICMS no longer exists)"
     },
     {
      "name": "sum_2027_2032",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "sum of the yearly shares over 2027-2032, in years of benefit"
     },
     {
      "name": "sum_2029_2032",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "sum of the yearly shares over 2029-2032, in years of benefit"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "borders",
   "chapter": "Borders",
   "rows": 5,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/08-state-tax/incentive_value_by_year.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "borders-icms-incentive-present-value",
   "path": "tables/borders/icms-incentive-present-value.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Benefit-years and present value of an incentive from 2027",
   "description": "One row per kind of ICMS incentive and fund payout ratio: the present value on 1 January 2027 of the incentive's 2027-2032 flows, per unit of annual benefit at its 2028 level, at three real discount rates. Estimated from the yearly shares in borders/icms-incentive-value-by-year, in constant real terms with mid-year discounting, assuming the compensation fund pays 100%, 75% or 50% of each claim. The discount rates are assumptions, and values are in years of annual benefit, not reais.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 1036,
   "hash": "sha256:02b311e5fa2d835f0fcc5c624013e94ab0012c794eb1f0367195dc06191241a2",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "case",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "kind of benefit and legal path, as in borders/icms-incentive-value-by-year"
     },
     {
      "name": "fund_payout_ratio",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of each compensation claim the fund pays, from 0 to 1 (1, 0.75 or 0.5)"
     },
     {
      "name": "pv_at_6pct_real",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "present value at a 6% real discount rate, in years of annual benefit"
     },
     {
      "name": "pv_at_10pct_real",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "present value at a 10% real discount rate, in years of annual benefit"
     },
     {
      "name": "pv_at_15pct_real",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "present value at a 15% real discount rate, in years of annual benefit"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "borders",
   "chapter": "Borders",
   "rows": 13,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/08-state-tax/incentive_pv.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "borders-compensation-fund-sufficiency",
   "path": "tables/borders/compensation-fund-sufficiency.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Whether the ICMS compensation fund covers the claims",
   "description": "One row per scenario: whether the federal fund that compensates holders of onerous ICMS incentives for the 2029-2032 cut can pay their claims. Estimated: the fund's deposits (R$ 160 billion in 2023 reais, paid in 2025-2032 under EC 132/2023 art. 12) are set against claims of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of onerous benefits in 2029-2032, with onerous benefits taken as a share (theta) of the R$ 333.7 billion of state tax expenditures declared for 2026, with or without 2% real growth, and with or without 2023 inflation in the indexation. The onerous share is published nowhere and is the weakest number; amounts are R$ billion in 2026 reais.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 1433,
   "hash": "sha256:38fc139a61038e680292301bad1f5543403cf1aee06a2579a8a20c9e3d2f018e",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "ipca_includes_2023",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "true when the fund's indexation also counts 2023 inflation (IPCA, the official consumer price index), giving R$ 190.3 billion in 2026 reais instead of R$ 181.9 billion"
     },
     {
      "name": "fund_2026_reais_bn",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "fund total, R$ billion in 2026 reais"
     },
     {
      "name": "real_growth_of_benefits",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "assumed yearly real growth of the benefits, share (0 or 0.02)"
     },
     {
      "name": "onerous_share_theta",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "assumed share of declared state tax expenditures that is compensable onerous benefits, from 0 to 1"
     },
     {
      "name": "onerous_benefits_2026_bn",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "compensable onerous benefits, R$ billion a year in 2026 reais"
     },
     {
      "name": "need_2029_2032_2026_reais_bn",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "total claims over 2029-2032, R$ billion in 2026 reais"
     },
     {
      "name": "coverage_ratio",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "fund_2026_reais_bn divided by need_2029_2032_2026_reais_bn (above 1: the fund suffices)"
     },
     {
      "name": "breakeven_theta",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "onerous share at which the fund exactly covers the claims, from 0 to 1"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_year_balance_negative",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "first year in which the fund's balance turns negative; empty when it never does"
     },
     {
      "name": "balance_end_2032_2026_reais_bn",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "fund balance at the end of 2032, R$ billion in 2026 reais (negative: shortfall)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "borders",
   "chapter": "Borders",
   "rows": 24,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/08-state-tax/fund_sufficiency.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "borders-icms-standard-rates",
   "path": "tables/borders/icms-standard-rates.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Standard ICMS rates by state, 2023 and 2026",
   "description": "One row per state and law that changed its modal (standard) ICMS rate between 2022 and 2026; a state with no change, or whose law is not in the corpus, has a single row without law details. Read in the corpus from the states' ICMS laws of 2022-2026, with the rate clause matched to each state's main ICMS statute and quoted verbatim; Acre, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro and Sergipe rest on web sources (Paraná and Rio de Janeiro have no laws in the corpus), and the eight unchanged states rest on their main statute and on finding no later amending law. 19 of 27 states raised the rate; the mean rose from 17.6% to 19.3%.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 10495,
   "hash": "sha256:4cd11cf58aea9ad77397f91d0119d8f43b055f993f125b936418e6ca609a493a",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "uf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code"
     },
     {
      "name": "modal_2022",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "modal ICMS rate in 2022, %"
     },
     {
      "name": "modal_2026",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "modal ICMS rate in 2026, %"
     },
     {
      "name": "change_pts",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "modal_2026 minus modal_2022, percentage points"
     },
     {
      "name": "main_statute",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the state's main ICMS statute and the article that sets the modal rate"
     },
     {
      "name": "note",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "remarks: web-only sources, extra points for state poverty funds (FECP in Rio de Janeiro, FECOEP in Sergipe), exceptions"
     },
     {
      "name": "law_id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the amending law; empty where there is none in the corpus"
     },
     {
      "name": "law_titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title of the amending law, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "law_data",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date of the amending law (YYYY-MM-DD)"
     },
     {
      "name": "law_fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the amending law's official source text"
     },
     {
      "name": "rate_set",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the rate the law sets, as written (e.g. '20,5%', comma as decimal mark)"
     },
     {
      "name": "effective",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "when that rate takes effect (YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY-MM or YYYY; 'never' for a rate cut before it took effect)"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the rate clause, verbatim in Portuguese"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "borders",
   "chapter": "Borders",
   "rows": 36,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/08-state-tax/modal_rates.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "borders-itcmd-rates",
   "path": "tables/borders/itcmd-rates.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Inheritance and gift tax rates by state",
   "description": "One row per state (all 27, Paraná and Rio de Janeiro included): how its ITCMD (the state tax on inheritances and gifts) is charged, its top rates and its fit with LC 227/2026, which now requires marginal progressive brackets up to the Senate's 8% maximum. Taken from a third-party state-by-state table (TaxUp, CC BY 4.0) checked on 8 October 2026, with the federal frame read in the corpus; state laws were not re-verified one by one. 13 states are out of line with the marginal method: 6 charge a flat rate and 7 apply one bracket's rate to the whole base.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 13096,
   "hash": "sha256:a41ef5fb722d9e7c8a2cff958c6bf7f466d715a531e38e953bf6fe99535f1f65",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "uf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code"
     },
     {
      "name": "method",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "how the rates apply (code): marginal (each slice of the base at its own bracket rate, as LC 227/2026 requires), step (one bracket's rate on the whole base), flat (a single rate), 'silent (marginal by LC 227)' (the state law sets no method)"
     },
     {
      "name": "top_rate_causa_mortis",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "top rate on inheritances, %"
     },
     {
      "name": "top_rate_doacao",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "top rate on gifts, %"
     },
     {
      "name": "rates",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the rate schedule as the source states it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "legal_basis",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the state law and article, and the LC 227/2026 articles, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "lc227_status",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the source's reading of the state rule's compatibility with LC 227/2026, in Portuguese (e.g. 'sem tabela progressiva estadual; adaptação legislativa pendente' = no progressive state table, legislation pending)"
     },
     {
      "name": "in_force",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "since when the state's table applies, as the source states it (a date or a note in Portuguese)"
     },
     {
      "name": "checked",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date the source table was checked (YYYY-MM-DD)"
     },
     {
      "name": "source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the source, as [web: URL]"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "borders",
   "chapter": "Borders",
   "rows": 27,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/08-state-tax/itcmd_rates.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "borders-ipva-rates",
   "path": "tables/borders/ipva-rates.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Vehicle tax rates by state",
   "description": "One row per state (all 27): IPVA (the state tax on motor vehicles) rates for cars, motorcycles and trucks, the state's age exemption and the treatment of electric and hybrid cars. Taken from two third-party compilations of official sources (simularipva.com.br, checked by the site on 5-6 October 2026, and recarregados.com, 3 October 2026), with the constitutional frame read in the corpus; rates were not re-verified law by law, and secondary sources disagree for a few states (see note). Rates are text with a comma as the decimal mark ('2,5'; ranges as '2,5 a 3').",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 7016,
   "hash": "sha256:104359958b5b5bfa5618ddd695e5f8bb782ef1004d90524916c14ed7c38431de",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "uf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code"
     },
     {
      "name": "car_pct",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "rate for passenger cars, % of the vehicle's value, as text"
     },
     {
      "name": "moto_pct",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "rate for motorcycles, %, as text"
     },
     {
      "name": "truck_pct",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "rate for trucks, %, as text"
     },
     {
      "name": "state_age_exemption_years",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "vehicle age, in years, from which the state law exempts vehicles"
     },
     {
      "name": "national_immunity",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the constitutional exemption since EC 137/2025 (passenger cars, pickups and mixed vehicles 20 or more years old), with its basis; the same in every row"
     },
     {
      "name": "electric",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "treatment of electric cars, in Portuguese: integral (full rate), reduzido (reduced), isento (exempt), with conditions in parentheses"
     },
     {
      "name": "electric_pct",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "rate for electric cars, %, as text; 0 where exempt; empty where the rate is stepped"
     },
     {
      "name": "hybrid",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "treatment of hybrid cars, in Portuguese, coded as in electric, with the reduced rate where given"
     },
     {
      "name": "checked_by_source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "date the compiling site checked the state's official source ('em parte' = partly; 'ainda não' = not yet)"
     },
     {
      "name": "note",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "disagreements between secondary sources; empty where none"
     },
     {
      "name": "source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the sources, as [web: URL]"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "borders",
   "chapter": "Borders",
   "rows": 27,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/08-state-tax/ipva_rates.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "borders-state-waivers",
   "path": "tables/borders/state-waivers.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "ICMS waivers declared in the states' 2026 budget guidelines",
   "description": "One row per state (all 27): the tax expenditure (revenue waived through state tax benefits, mostly ICMS, also IPVA and ITCMD reliefs) that it declared in its budget-guidelines bills for 2025 and 2026 (PLDO: the yearly bill that sets the next budget's targets), with ranks. Taken from the FGV-Ibre compilation of the PLDO annexes (October 2025), not from the corpus; the 2026 total is R$ 333.7 billion. Each state measures its waiver differently, so the figures compare declarations, not like-for-like costs; Espírito Santo's jump from R$ 3.6 billion to R$ 14.9 billion is more likely a change of method than of policy.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 5701,
   "hash": "sha256:d5c624c852a3d0fb2646dc8bf3fc3b5f7bf2d94bdb5b74d1f5c774dc1be26046",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "rank_nominal",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "rank by gt_2026_rs_mi (1 = largest)"
     },
     {
      "name": "rank_pct_revenue",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "rank by gt_2026_pct_total_revenue (1 = largest)"
     },
     {
      "name": "uf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code"
     },
     {
      "name": "gt_2025_rs_mi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "tax expenditure declared in the 2025 PLDO, R$ million"
     },
     {
      "name": "gt_2026_rs_mi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "tax expenditure declared in the 2026 PLDO, R$ million"
     },
     {
      "name": "change_pct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "change from 2025 to 2026, %"
     },
     {
      "name": "gt_2026_pct_total_revenue",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "2026 tax expenditure as % of the state's total revenue"
     },
     {
      "name": "implied_total_revenue_2026_rs_mi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the state's total 2026 revenue implied by the two previous columns, R$ million"
     },
     {
      "name": "source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the source, as [web: URL] with the compilation's authors and date"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "borders",
   "chapter": "Borders",
   "rows": 27,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/08-state-tax/renuncia_receita_ranking.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "borders-state-fees-and-funds",
   "path": "tables/borders/state-fees-and-funds.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "State fees and funds charged on top of ICMS",
   "description": "One row per state fee or fund contribution charged on top of ICMS: mining and water-resource inspection fees charged per tonne or cubic metre, an oil-and-gas fee, and the infrastructure-fund contributions that states demand as a condition for ICMS benefits, with the charging base and the outcome at the STF (the Supreme Federal Court). Bases were read in the corpus; court outcomes come from STF news and decisions on the web. The last row describes ADCT art. 136, which lets Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul turn ICMS-linked fund contributions into stand-alone ones until 2043.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 5626,
   "hash": "sha256:1bd82071462b920a6ecc2419fea9c6f0d38e7731a1af8f1e6464da2c99e0aa2a",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "uf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code; ALL for the constitutional rule"
     },
     {
      "name": "instrument",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "name of the fee or fund, with the law where a state has several (TFRM: mining inspection fee; TFRH: water-resource inspection fee; TFPG: oil and gas fee; FUNDEINFRA, FETHAB, FUNDERSUL, PROTEGE GOIÁS: state funds)"
     },
     {
      "name": "kind",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the instrument is, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "law",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the law: its corpus identifier where it is in the corpus, otherwise its name and number"
     },
     {
      "name": "base_quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the charging base, verbatim in Portuguese with the article (e.g. '1 (uma) Ufemg ... por tonelada'); empty for 3 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "status_stf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "outcome at the STF or other status (upheld, struck down, dismissed as moot, revoked, no ruling found), with the action and date; empty for one row"
     },
     {
      "name": "evidence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "sources: [corpus] and [web: URL]"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "borders",
   "chapter": "Borders",
   "rows": 17,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/08-state-tax/state_fees_and_funds.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "menu-federal-regimes",
   "path": "tables/menu/federal-regimes.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Federal tax regimes with their legal basis, beneficiaries and end dates",
   "description": "One row per federal tax regime or incentive in the catalog: 44 entries, from the Simples Nacional (the simplified regime for firms up to R$ 4.8 million of revenue) and the MEI (the one-person firm regime) to the Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM, the Manaus free-trade zone), the Sudene/Sudam regional income-tax cut, investor exemptions and the rules of the 2025 tax reform (LC 214/2025, the law that creates the IBS and CBS value-added taxes). Each row was read by hand: a verbatim quote from the current text (from the corpus, or from planalto.gov.br where the corpus held only a fragment), eligibility, benefit, end date, the instruments the corpus lacks, and the status under LC 224/2025 (the 10% linear cut of federal tax benefits) and under the reform; sizes come from the DGT 2026 (the Receita Federal's statement of tax expenditures attached to the 2026 budget bill) and from declared or reported use. Sizes are R$ millions a year; the mapping of DGT lines to regimes is approximate (ZFM: R$ 35.2 billion here, R$ 36.0 billion in menu/tax-expenditures-2026-largest), and end dates are those of the current law, which differ from the terms the DGT 2026 prints for Sudene/Sudam, Pronon/Pronas, Padis, petrochemicals and sport. Free-text columns are in Portuguese; rows of group 'reform' and 'boundary' describe rules of the reform and the 2027 ban on new benefits rather than benefits.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 46750,
   "hash": "sha256:251316cb725ad4d7de74b1aa5942c1c27e7a4df170565642130377f059617f7a",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "key",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "short identifier of the regime (e.g. simples, mei, zfm, sudene_sudam, lei_do_bem); joins menu/federal-regimes-ranked"
     },
     {
      "name": "regime",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "name of the regime, mostly in Portuguese (e.g. 'Simples Nacional (ME/EPP)', 'Lei do Bem', the R&D incentive law)"
     },
     {
      "name": "group",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "kind of regime: SME regime, sectoral, investment, investor (exemptions for individual investors), innovation, regional, export, agro, labor, nonprofit, nonprofit/education, culture/sport, cooperative, real estate, health, financial, reform (rules of the 2025 tax reform) or boundary (the 2027 ban on new benefits)"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the norm quoted (path-like string of sphere, folder, year and file name; constituicao.md is the 1988 Constitution)"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the quoted norm's title, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Lei Complementar nº 123 de 14/12/2006')"
     },
     {
      "name": "art",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article where the quote was found (e.g. '3', '18-A'); the suffix ' (texto citado)', 'quoted text', marks an article that the norm writes into another law, numbered as in the amended law"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "verbatim excerpt of the operative clause, up to 330 characters, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote_source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "where the quote was read: corpus (36 rows) or planalto (8 rows: the compiled text of planalto.gov.br, the Presidency's legislation site, used where the corpus held only a fragment)"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the norm's official source text (normas.leg.br, the federal legislation portal, or planalto.gov.br)"
     },
     {
      "name": "eligibility",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "who qualifies (revenue ceilings, tax regime, region, activity), read from the law, in Portuguese; '—' where not applicable"
     },
     {
      "name": "benefit",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the regime grants or does, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "end_date",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "when the regime ends under the current text, with its legal basis, in Portuguese: a date, 'indeterminado' (no end date), or '—' (not applicable); a trailing 'DGT: ...' gives the different term the DGT 2026 prints"
     },
     {
      "name": "missing_instruments",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "regulations or provisional measures the regime depends on that the corpus does not hold (decrees, ministerial orders, Receita instructions, resolutions of the CGSN, the Simples' managing committee), in Portuguese; '—' for none"
     },
     {
      "name": "dgt2026_rs_mi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the regime's tax expenditure in the DGT 2026, R$ millions a year, summed over the matching DGT lines; blank where the DGT does not count the benefit; 0 where its DGT line is zero (Perse, FIP-IE)"
     },
     {
      "name": "dgt2026_lines",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the DGT 2026 lines summed into dgt2026_rs_mi, as the DGT names them, in Portuguese, separated by semicolons and cut at 300 characters"
     },
     {
      "name": "dgt2027_rs_mi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the same expenditure for 2027, R$ millions, from the joint technical note of the Senate and Chamber budget staff on the 2027 budget bill; given only for the Simples, the ZFM and the food-and-farm PIS/Cofins zero rate, blank otherwise"
     },
     {
      "name": "usage_rs_mi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "another measure of size, R$ millions a year: benefits declared in Dirbi (the return in which firms declare the tax benefits they used), figures reported by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, or, for the Imposto Seletivo (the new excise tax), the revenue planned for 2027; blank for 37 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "usage_measure",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what usage_rs_mi measures and for which year, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Dirbi 2024 (Sudam/Sudene - Redução 75%)')"
     },
     {
      "name": "usage_source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the source of usage_rs_mi"
     },
     {
      "name": "lc224_status",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "how LC 224/2025, the law that cut federal tax benefits by 10% from 2026, treats the regime, in Portuguese: 'exceção (§ 8º, ...)' exempt under the cited item of its art. 4 § 8; 'corte de 10%' cut by 10%; 'não cortado' or 'fora do DGT' not reached; '[inferência]' (inference) or '[incerto]' (uncertain) marks a reading beyond the words; '—' not applicable"
     },
     {
      "name": "reform_status",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the 2025 tax reform (LC 214/2025, compiled with LC 227/2026) does to the regime, with articles, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "deadline_2026_2027",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "dated choices or deadlines in 2026-2027 that matter to users of the regime, in Portuguese; '—' for none"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "menu",
   "chapter": "The federal menu",
   "rows": 44,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/09-federal-regimes/regimes_catalog.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "menu-federal-regimes-ranked",
   "path": "tables/menu/federal-regimes-ranked.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Federal regimes ranked by size and underuse",
   "description": "The 44 regimes of menu/federal-regimes sorted by their size in the DGT 2026 (the Receita Federal's statement of tax expenditures attached to the 2026 budget bill), with the other measures of size beside it. Derived from menu/federal-regimes without new data. Ranks run 1-23 over regimes with a DGT value above zero; Perse and FIP-IE (DGT value 0) and the 19 regimes the DGT does not count have no rank. Values are R$ millions a year; size_best_rs_mi takes the larger of the DGT estimate and the other measure, so for the ZFM, the food-and-farm PIS/Cofins zero rate, Lei do Bem and Perse it holds the declared or reported figure, and for the Imposto Seletivo it holds planned tax revenue, not a benefit.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 7372,
   "hash": "sha256:ab893c9d30306ac11b16f5ee9cc3cfa627e7fc6cd0b7de64803938cc02730926",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "rank_dgt2026",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "rank by dgt2026_rs_mi, 1 = largest; blank where the DGT gives no value or zero"
     },
     {
      "name": "key",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "short identifier of the regime; joins menu/federal-regimes"
     },
     {
      "name": "regime",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "name of the regime, mostly in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "group",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "kind of regime, as in menu/federal-regimes (SME regime, sectoral, investment, investor, innovation, regional, agro, reform, boundary, ...)"
     },
     {
      "name": "dgt2026_rs_mi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the regime's tax expenditure in the DGT 2026, R$ millions a year; blank where the DGT does not count it"
     },
     {
      "name": "dgt2027_rs_mi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the same expenditure in the 2027 budget bill's statement, R$ millions; only for the Simples, the ZFM and the food-and-farm PIS/Cofins zero rate"
     },
     {
      "name": "usage_rs_mi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "another measure of size, R$ millions a year (declared in Dirbi, the return of tax benefits used; reported by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation; or planned revenue for the Imposto Seletivo); see usage_measure"
     },
     {
      "name": "usage_measure",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what usage_rs_mi measures and for which year, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "lc224_status",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "treatment under LC 224/2025, the 10% linear cut of federal tax benefits, in Portuguese ('exceção' exempt, 'corte de 10%' cut, '—' not applicable)"
     },
     {
      "name": "end_date",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "when the regime ends under the current text, in Portuguese ('indeterminado': no end date)"
     },
     {
      "name": "size_best_rs_mi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the larger of dgt2026_rs_mi and usage_rs_mi, R$ millions a year; blank when both are blank"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "menu",
   "chapter": "The federal menu",
   "rows": 44,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/09-federal-regimes/regimes_ranked.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "menu-tax-expenditures-2026-by-tax",
   "path": "tables/menu/tax-expenditures-2026-by-tax.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Federal tax expenditures in the DGT 2026 by tax",
   "description": "One row per tax and expenditure item in table VII of the DGT 2026, the Receita Federal's statement of federal tax expenditures attached to the 2026 budget bill: 216 items over 15 federal taxes and contributions, summing to R$ 612.8 billion. Taken from the official spreadsheet without change. A benefit that touches several taxes appears once per tax (the Simples Nacional appears under IRPJ, CSLL, PIS, Cofins, IPI and social security), so a benefit's total needs a sum across taxes. Values are the Receita's estimates for 2026, in reais (not millions).",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 22054,
   "hash": "sha256:ffc5c644c6cd75146a129c0660bed59c6a20441b159e431da072d795e9bfc079",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "tributo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the tax, as the DGT names it, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Imposto sobre a Renda Pessoa Jurídica - IRPJ', the corporate income tax; 'Contribuição para o Financiamento da Seguridade Social - COFINS', a federal contribution on revenue); 15 values"
     },
     {
      "name": "n",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "the item's number within its tax in the DGT table"
     },
     {
      "name": "gasto",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the expenditure item (gasto tributário, tax expenditure), as the DGT names it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "valor_rs",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "estimated 2026 expenditure, R$"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "menu",
   "chapter": "The federal menu",
   "rows": 216,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/09-federal-regimes/dgt2026_by_tax.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "menu-tax-expenditures-2026-largest",
   "path": "tables/menu/tax-expenditures-2026-largest.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "The largest federal tax expenditures in the DGT 2026",
   "description": "One row per expenditure group in table X of the DGT 2026, which ranks the main groups of federal tax expenditures across all taxes, plus a closing TOTAL row (R$ 612.8 billion, share 1). Taken from the official spreadsheet without change; do not add the TOTAL row to the others. The groups are the DGT's own (e.g. 'Agricultura e Agroindústria', 'Desenvolvimento Regional'), not the regimes of menu/federal-regimes, so values differ from that table where regimes were mapped line by line (ZFM: R$ 36.0 billion here, R$ 35.2 billion there). Values are the Receita Federal's estimates for 2026, in reais.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 4304,
   "hash": "sha256:bf4cbd10b0c24a187fd411ddbd204a047af9ee8bcc711acca22fa803dc06474c",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "gasto",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the expenditure group, as the DGT names it, in Portuguese; 'TOTAL' in the last row"
     },
     {
      "name": "valor_rs",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "estimated 2026 expenditure, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "share",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share of the DGT 2026 total, from 0 to 1 (Simples Nacional 0.219; 1 in the TOTAL row)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "menu",
   "chapter": "The federal menu",
   "rows": 65,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/09-federal-regimes/dgt2026_principais.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "menu-simples-hybrid-2027",
   "path": "tables/menu/simples-hybrid-2027.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Who gains from the Simples hybrid choice for 2027",
   "description": "One row per annex of the Simples Nacional (the simplified regime for firms up to R$ 4.8 million of revenue), revenue band and assumed 2027 tax rate: 5 annexes, 6 bands, 2 rates. Computed from the 2027-2028 rate tables of LC 123 (the Simples law) as rewritten by LC 214/2025 art. 517 and LC 227/2026, it estimates whether a Simples firm gains by paying the new IBS and CBS value-added taxes in the regular regime (the 'hybrid' option, chosen by 30/10/2026 for January-June 2027) instead of inside its single monthly payment, the DAS. All rates and gains are shares of revenue or price, from 0 to 1, computed at the top of each band. These are estimates: the 2027 CBS rate was not yet fixed (the Senate sets it by 15/12/2026), and the model assumes business buyers keep their net cost, consumers pay the same price and the firm's inputs bear the full rate.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 11107,
   "hash": "sha256:94eefd31a4e8f2deedda7816157670cb66b0c7920f2dbd7340a95f23286feadb",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "annex",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "annex of LC 123 that sets the firm's rates: I commerce, II industry, III services, IV services (construction, cleaning, law), V technical and intellectual services"
     },
     {
      "name": "band",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "revenue band within the annex, 1 to 6"
     },
     {
      "name": "rbt12",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "gross revenue of the last 12 months at which the rates are computed, R$: the top of the band (180,000; 360,000; 720,000; 1,800,000; 3,600,000; 4,800,000)"
     },
     {
      "name": "nominal",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the band's nominal rate, share from 0 to 1"
     },
     {
      "name": "deduction",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the band's fixed deduction (parcela a deduzir), R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "effective",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "effective Simples rate, (rbt12 × nominal − deduction) / rbt12, share of revenue"
     },
     {
      "name": "cbs_in_das",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "CBS carried inside the DAS, share of revenue: the effective rate times the CBS share in the annex's distribution table, or the law's fifth-band formula where it applies"
     },
     {
      "name": "ibs_in_das",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "IBS carried inside the DAS, share of revenue; tiny in 2027-2028, when the IBS is charged at a 0.1% test rate"
     },
     {
      "name": "buyer_credit",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "cbs_in_das + ibs_in_das: the IBS/CBS credit a regular-regime business buyer may take if the firm stays inside the DAS (LC 214 art. 47 § 9), share of the price"
     },
     {
      "name": "t",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "assumed 2027 CBS plus IBS rate in the regular regime: 0.088 or 0.092 (estimate: the CBS reference rate less 0.1 point, plus 0.1% of IBS)"
     },
     {
      "name": "gain_b2b_no_inputs",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "gain from opting on sales to regular-regime businesses, at equal net cost to the buyer and with no creditable inputs, share of the price; negative is a loss"
     },
     {
      "name": "gain_b2c_no_inputs",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "gain from opting on sales to consumers, at an equal consumer price and with no creditable inputs, share of the price; negative is a loss"
     },
     {
      "name": "breakeven_b2b_share | services (inputs 10%)",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "smallest share of sales to regular-regime businesses, from 0 to 1, at which opting pays for a firm whose inputs bearing full IBS/CBS are 10% of the price; 0 means it pays even with no business buyers"
     },
     {
      "name": "breakeven_b2b_share | industry (inputs 40%)",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the same break-even share for a firm whose inputs bearing full IBS/CBS are 40% of the price, from 0 to 1"
     },
     {
      "name": "breakeven_b2b_share | commerce (inputs 60%)",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the same break-even share for a firm whose inputs bearing full IBS/CBS are 60% of the price, from 0 to 1"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "menu",
   "chapter": "The federal menu",
   "rows": 60,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/09-federal-regimes/simples_hybrid_2027.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "menu-sudene-active-2026",
   "path": "tables/menu/sudene-active-2026.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Active Sudene incentive holders in 2026",
   "description": "Counts of the holders of Sudene's 75% income-tax cut whose benefit runs in 2026. Sudene is the federal development agency for the Northeast, northern Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo; its laudo (approval certificate) grants a 75% cut of the corporate income tax on operating profit for 10 years from the year it is issued, so laudos issued in 2017-2026 run in 2026. Counted from Sudene's open file of approvals since 2011 (6,459 rows, downloaded 15/10/2026, last laudo 08/10/2026), checked against Sudene's announced 2025 totals; laudos later revoked or replaced are not netted out. Two counts are stacked: 'firms by UF' counts distinct firms (by the first 8 digits of the CNPJ, the company tax number, transfers of laudos included) per state of the project, and a firm with projects in several states counts in each, so its 11 rows add up to 2,864 against 2,527 distinct firms; 'laudos by sector' counts 3,596 of the 3,597 running laudos of the 75% cut by Sudene's sector label (one has no sector, inferred).",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 27702,
   "hash": "sha256:1ae5151316ea29f0ca48e0ec12f99c69dfbc29cd0ce218347fd3dd8a009721fc",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "dimension",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "which count the row holds: 'firms by UF' (distinct firms per state) or 'laudos by sector' (laudos per sector)"
     },
     {
      "name": "key",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "for 'firms by UF', the two-letter state code of the project (BA, PE, CE, RN, ES, PB, MG, AL, MA, PI, SE); for 'laudos by sector', Sudene's abbreviated economic sector, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Infraestrutura', 'Indústria de transformação - Alimentos e bebidas', 'Turismo'); laudos covering several projects carry joined labels such as 'Infraestrutura e Infraestrutura', so one sector's total is spread over several keys"
     },
     {
      "name": "n",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "number of firms or of laudos (count)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "menu",
   "chapter": "The federal menu",
   "rows": 159,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/09-federal-regimes/sudene_active_2026.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "menu-pis-cofins-to-lc214",
   "path": "tables/menu/pis-cofins-to-lc214.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Where each PIS/Cofins benefit lands under LC 214/2025",
   "description": "One row per PIS/Cofins tax expenditure in the DGT 2026 (the Receita Federal's statement of tax expenditures attached to the 2026 budget bill), with the treatment that the 2025 tax reform (LC 214/2025, compiled with LC 227/2026) gives the same goods, services or entities from 2027. PIS and Cofins, the federal contributions on revenue, end on 31/12/2026 and are replaced by the CBS. The 37 lines with value add to R$ 167.0 billion; each was mapped by hand after reading the cited articles. The mapping covers the federal side only, and 'kept_partly' does not say how the base splits between zero and reduced rates, which is why the essay gives retained relief as a range (62-93% outside the Simples).",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 7369,
   "hash": "sha256:74646ed253c4d0b5c2ce20d30f35e68ccbd49d7db6f82d7e13c6064fb159aeb8",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of LC 214/2025, the same in every row (federal/leis-complementares/2025/lcp-214-2025-01-16.md)"
     },
     {
      "name": "gasto",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the DGT 2026 expenditure line, as the DGT names it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "valor_rs_mi",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the line's 2026 PIS plus Cofins expenditure, summed over the two contributions, R$ millions"
     },
     {
      "name": "treatment",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what LC 214 does with it: kept_full (a zero rate, immunity, exemption, suspension or the Simples itself continues for the same base), kept_partly (zero for part of the base, a reduction for the rest), reduced_60 (the base moves to a 60% reduction of IBS/CBS, or 30-40%), specific (a specific regime of LC 214 replaces it, as for fuels and the football clubs' TEF), replaced_other (replaced by another 2025-2026 law), none_found (no counterpart found)"
     },
     {
      "name": "lc214_articles",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the LC 214 articles or annexes (or the other law) that give the new treatment; '-' where none was found"
     },
     {
      "name": "note",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "one-line reading of the new treatment, in English with Portuguese legal terms"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "menu",
   "chapter": "The federal menu",
   "rows": 37,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/09-federal-regimes/piscofins_to_lc214.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "menu-lc214-dates",
   "path": "tables/menu/lc214-dates.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Every date in LC 214/2025",
   "description": "One row per date written in the own articles of LC 214/2025 (the law that creates the IBS, the CBS and the Imposto Seletivo), compiled with LC 227/2026: 408 matches of 'dd de mês de yyyy', 'a partir de yyyy' (from yyyy), 'até yyyy' (until yyyy) and 'em yyyy' (in yyyy) across 140 articles. Found by pattern in the repaired compiled text; text that the law writes into other laws stays inside the article that writes it. The matches include the dates of laws cited by name (e.g. '14 de dezembro de 2006', the date of LC 123), not only deadlines and starts, so read the excerpt before counting deadlines.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 223257,
   "hash": "sha256:49fd6501a1df563e04fd5d7530d26afa214d71d8751178672754ea40415afaab",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of LC 214/2025, the same in every row"
     },
     {
      "name": "art",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "LC 214 article where the date sits (e.g. '12', '341-C')"
     },
     {
      "name": "capitulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the chapter heading above the article, as printed, in Portuguese (e.g. 'CAPÍTULO II — DO IBS E DA CBS SOBRE OPERAÇÕES com bens e serviços'); empty for 145 rows outside a chapter"
     },
     {
      "name": "secao",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the section heading above the article, as printed, in Portuguese; empty for 229 rows outside a section"
     },
     {
      "name": "date",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the date as written, in Portuguese (e.g. '1º de janeiro de 2027', 'em 2029')"
     },
     {
      "name": "year",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "the year of the date (2000 to 2040)"
     },
     {
      "name": "excerpt",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the text around the date, about 240 characters before and 160 after, in Portuguese"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "menu",
   "chapter": "The federal menu",
   "rows": 408,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/09-federal-regimes/lc214_dates.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "menu-lc214-thresholds",
   "path": "tables/menu/lc214-thresholds.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Every numeric line in LC 214/2025",
   "description": "One row per amount in reais written in the own articles of LC 214/2025, compiled with LC 227/2026: 24 matches across 13 articles, found by pattern in the repaired compiled text. They include the revenue lines that decide who pays IBS/CBS (R$ 3.6 million for rural producers, R$ 240,000 for individual landlords), the real-estate social reducers, the car price caps for disabled buyers, and the LC 123 amounts that art. 517 rewrites (R$ 81,000 for the MEI, the one-person firm regime). Amounts are nominal reais as written, and some are not thresholds: art. 341-C fixes the R$ 200 tax unit, art. 484 the federal funding of the IBS managing committee in 2025-2028, and art. 537 per-cubic-metre rates on ethanol.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 14316,
   "hash": "sha256:fc5eccd8c18991ba3d6c5e0ce3214e2f36b1dab90f14cdae99f4cf74621eaa64",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of LC 214/2025, the same in every row"
     },
     {
      "name": "art",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "LC 214 article where the amount sits (e.g. '164', '341-C')"
     },
     {
      "name": "capitulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the chapter heading above the article, as printed, in Portuguese; empty for 6 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "secao",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the section heading above the article, as printed, in Portuguese; empty for 11 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "valor_rs",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the amount as written, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "excerpt",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the text around the amount, about 260 characters before and 160 after, in Portuguese"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "menu",
   "chapter": "The federal menu",
   "rows": 24,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/09-federal-regimes/lc214_thresholds.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "work-cost-wedge",
   "path": "tables/work/cost-wedge.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Employer cost and worker net under each way of buying work",
   "description": "One row per way of buying work and monthly gross pay: 18 legal arrangements at six levels from R$ 1,621 (the 2026 minimum wage) to R$ 100,000 a month. The arrangements are CLT employment (the labor code's formal employment) under several employer regimes, through a temporary agency or an outsourcing provider, domestic, apprentice and intern contracts, a work cooperative, an autonomous contractor paid by RPA (the receipt for paying a self-employed individual), a MEI (the one-person firm regime) and PJ companies (a worker billing through his own firm) in the Simples Nacional or Lucro Presumido, and athlete image rights. Computed under the 2026 rules read from the corpus and the 2026 INSS (social security) table: contribution and income-tax tables, the 2026 income-tax reduction of Lei 15.270/2025, and the Simples annexes of LC 123. Estimates: accountant fees, the cooperative fee and the agency and outsourcing markups are assumptions, CLT benefits (meal, health, transport) are left out, and FGTS (the employee's severance fund) counts at face value as the worker's money; a CLT year has 13.33 monthly pays (12, the 13th salary and the vacation third), the other forms 12.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 19040,
   "hash": "sha256:571ecb982a398877aa6a92f2535e3b2707b4537d88333735a119ea40a2ffa564",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "arrangement",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the way of buying work, in English with its legal basis (e.g. 'CLT regular (Lucro Real/Presumido employer)', 'PJ Simples Anexo III with fator R (pro-labore 28%)'); 18 values"
     },
     {
      "name": "gross_monthly",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "monthly gross (salary, stipend, invoice or cooperative payout), R$: 1,621; 3,000; 10,000; 30,000; 60,000 or 100,000"
     },
     {
      "name": "plausibility",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'ok', or why the arrangement is unusual or barred at that pay: 'atypical', 'exceeds MEI ceiling R$ 81,000', 'only at the minimum wage or category floor', 'max 270 days per worker' (temporary work)"
     },
     {
      "name": "employer_cost_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "what the buyer pays in a year: gross pay plus employer charges and FGTS deposits, or the invoice, fee or markup, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "employer_cost_monthly_avg",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "employer_cost_annual / 12, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "cost_over_12x_gross",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "employer_cost_annual divided by 12 times gross_monthly (1.544 for regular CLT, which includes the 13th salary and vacation third)"
     },
     {
      "name": "employer_charges_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "employer contributions on pay (CPP, the employer's social security contribution; RAT, work-accident insurance; third-party contributions) plus the provision for the 40% FGTS dismissal fine, R$ a year; for the autonomous contractor, the buyer's 20% INSS on the payment; 0 for interns, cooperative members, MEI and PJ"
     },
     {
      "name": "worker_inss_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the worker's own social security (INSS) contribution, R$ a year"
     },
     {
      "name": "worker_irpf_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the worker's personal income tax (IRPF), including the 2026 minimum tax on high incomes where it applies, R$ a year"
     },
     {
      "name": "entity_taxes_and_fees_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "taxes paid by the worker's firm (the Simples DAS, Lucro Presumido taxes, the MEI's fixed ISS) or the intermediary's take (cooperative fee, agency or outsourcing markup), R$ a year"
     },
     {
      "name": "other_costs_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "other costs: the PJ's accountant, the intern's insurance and agency fee, R$ a year"
     },
     {
      "name": "worker_net_cash_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "what the worker keeps in cash after contributions, taxes and costs, R$ a year"
     },
     {
      "name": "worker_fgts_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "FGTS deposits plus the provision for the 40% dismissal fine, counted as the worker's money, R$ a year; 0 outside employment"
     },
     {
      "name": "worker_net_total_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "worker_net_cash_annual + worker_fgts_annual, R$ a year"
     },
     {
      "name": "worker_net_total_monthly_avg",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "worker_net_total_annual / 12, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "net_over_cost",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "worker_net_total_annual / employer_cost_annual, share from 0 to 1"
     },
     {
      "name": "wedge",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "1 − net_over_cost: the share of the buyer's cost that does not reach the worker"
     },
     {
      "name": "recharacterization_risk",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "risk that a court treats the arrangement as disguised employment when used for a worker who in fact meets the four tests of CLT art. 3 (personal, non-eventual, subordinate, paid work): none, low, medium or high (estimate from the laws' breach clauses)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "work",
   "chapter": "Eighteen ways to buy an hour",
   "rows": 108,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/10-labor/tax_wedge.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "work-cost-wedge-equal-budget",
   "path": "tables/work/cost-wedge-equal-budget.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "The same budget spent under each arrangement",
   "description": "One row per arrangement and budget: the 18 arrangements of work/cost-wedge, each given the annual budget that an employer in the regular regime spends on a CLT employee earning R$ 3,000, 10,000 or 30,000 a month (R$ 55,600, 185,333 and 556,000), with the gross pay that budget buys and what the worker nets. Computed by bisection under the same 2026 rules and assumptions as work/cost-wedge (accountant, fee and markup assumptions; no CLT benefits; FGTS at face value).",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 6315,
   "hash": "sha256:c5de72d4122acef334a6e95b9e3376ab9663d23bd7062061bcd387ba002dbf05",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "clt_gross_monthly",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "monthly gross of the regular CLT employee that sets the budget, R$ (3,000; 10,000; 30,000)"
     },
     {
      "name": "budget_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the buyer's annual budget: the full yearly cost of that regular CLT employee, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "arrangement",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the way of buying work, as in work/cost-wedge"
     },
     {
      "name": "gross_monthly_for_budget",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "monthly gross (salary, stipend, invoice or payout) the arrangement can pay with the budget, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "plausibility",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'ok', or why the arrangement is unusual or barred at that gross ('atypical', 'exceeds MEI ceiling R$ 81,000', 'only at the minimum wage or category floor', 'max 270 days per worker')"
     },
     {
      "name": "worker_net_total_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the worker's net a year, FGTS included, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "worker_net_cash_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the worker's net cash a year, FGTS excluded, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "net_vs_clt_regular",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "worker_net_total_annual over that of the regular CLT employee at the same budget, minus 1 (0.0809 = 8.09% more; negative is less)"
     },
     {
      "name": "recharacterization_risk",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "risk of being treated as disguised employment when used for a subordinate worker: none, low, medium or high (estimate)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "work",
   "chapter": "Eighteen ways to buy an hour",
   "rows": 54,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/10-labor/tax_wedge_equal_budget.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "work-cost-wedge-public-take",
   "path": "tables/work/cost-wedge-public-take.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "What the Treasury and social security collect under each arrangement",
   "description": "One row per arrangement and budget, as in work/cost-wedge-equal-budget, with what the Treasury and social security collect: public take is the budget minus the worker's net (FGTS included) minus private costs (accountant, agency or cooperative fees, markups). Computed with the same 2026 rules and assumptions. The public take of the Simples employer leaves out the contribution paid inside the firm's DAS on revenue, and that of the payroll-relief employer leaves out the CPRB on revenue, so both are understated.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 7212,
   "hash": "sha256:5693c5bf706a7bdb5c852e7574f2f4ba4ac1c85394d35d2c77e3d3cd7e9ae987",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "clt_gross_monthly",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "monthly gross of the regular CLT employee that sets the budget, R$ (3,000; 10,000; 30,000)"
     },
     {
      "name": "budget_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the buyer's annual budget, the full yearly cost of that regular CLT employee, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "arrangement",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the way of buying work, as in work/cost-wedge"
     },
     {
      "name": "gross_monthly_for_budget",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "monthly gross the arrangement can pay with the budget, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "plausibility",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'ok', or why the arrangement is unusual or barred at that gross"
     },
     {
      "name": "worker_net_total_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the worker's net a year, FGTS included, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "private_costs_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "money that goes to private parties: accountant, intern insurance and agency fee, cooperative fee, agency or outsourcing markup, R$ a year"
     },
     {
      "name": "public_take_annual",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "taxes and contributions collected per worker-year: budget_annual − worker_net_total_annual − private_costs_annual, R$"
     },
     {
      "name": "public_take_vs_clt_regular",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "public_take_annual minus that of the regular CLT employee at the same budget, R$ a year (negative: the Treasury collects less)"
     },
     {
      "name": "worker_gain_vs_clt_regular",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "worker_net_total_annual minus that of the regular CLT employee at the same budget, R$ a year"
     },
     {
      "name": "recharacterization_risk",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "risk of being treated as disguised employment when used for a subordinate worker: none, low, medium or high (estimate)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "work",
   "chapter": "Eighteen ways to buy an hour",
   "rows": 54,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/10-labor/tax_wedge_public_take.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "work-six-by-one-sectors",
   "path": "tables/work/six-by-one-sectors.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Workers and cost of the end of the 6x1 week by sector",
   "description": "One row per sector (a division of CNAE, the national classification of economic activities) in Ipea's 2026 technical note on working hours, with the cost of ending the '6x1' week (six working days for one of rest). The constitutional amendment PEC 221/2019, approved by both houses and awaiting promulgation on 15 October 2026, caps the normal week at 42 hours 60 days after publication and at 40 hours a year later, with no pay cut. Job counts, the 40-hour hourly rise and labor's share of costs are Ipea's figures (RAIS 2023, the employers' annual employment return, and IBGE sector surveys), parsed from the note's tables; the 42-hour step is the 40-hour figure scaled by 4.76/10, exact for 44-hour contracts and an upper bound where 41-43 hours are common. Total-cost effects exist only for the 31 sectors with a labor share; health has none in the note, and RAIS 2023 predates three years of wage growth.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 10677,
   "hash": "sha256:1d959dfa3fb67993dc224d81a7309ae34764403a9c56fde31786a352871bd01a",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "sector",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "CNAE division as Ipea names it, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Atividades de Vigilância, Segurança e Investigação', security services)"
     },
     {
      "name": "jobs_total",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "CLT jobs in the sector, RAIS 2023 (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "jobs_41plus",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "CLT jobs contracted for 41 hours a week or more (count); blank for 14 sectors whose hours breakdown the note does not give"
     },
     {
      "name": "share_above40",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "jobs_41plus / jobs_total, share from 0 to 1; blank where jobs_41plus is"
     },
     {
      "name": "hourly_rise_42h_step",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "rise in the cost of an hour of CLT work at the 42-hour step, share (0.0405 = 4.05%): hourly_rise_40h × 4.76/10"
     },
     {
      "name": "hourly_rise_40h",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "rise in the cost of an hour of CLT work when the cap falls to 40 hours at constant monthly pay, Ipea's figure, share"
     },
     {
      "name": "labor_share_of_costs",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "labor's share of the sector's total costs, from IBGE sector surveys via Ipea, share from 0 to 1; blank for 34 sectors"
     },
     {
      "name": "total_cost_rise_42h_step",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "rise in the sector's total costs at the 42-hour step, hourly_rise_42h_step × labor_share_of_costs, share; blank without a labor share"
     },
     {
      "name": "total_cost_rise_40h",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "rise in the sector's total costs at 40 hours, hourly_rise_40h × labor_share_of_costs, share; blank without a labor share"
     },
     {
      "name": "share_of_total_rise",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the sector's share of the total rise in CLT labor cost, from Ipea's table 3, share from 0 to 1; given for 7 sectors only"
     },
     {
      "name": "source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "citation of the source, the same in every row: Ipea's 2026 technical note on working hours and schedules (RAIS 2023), with the name of the saved copy of its text"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "work",
   "chapter": "Eighteen ways to buy an hour",
   "rows": 65,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/10-labor/six_by_one_sectors.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "work-six-by-one-effects",
   "path": "tables/work/six-by-one-effects.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Hourly cost and staffing effects of the 42- and 40-hour steps",
   "description": "One row per computed effect of the 42- and 40-hour steps of PEC 221/2019, the constitutional amendment ending the 6x1 week: the hourly cost at constant monthly pay for contracts of 41 to 44 hours, the hourly minimum wage under the new monthly divisors, the cost of keeping 44 hours of work through overtime, staffing of round-the-clock 12x36 posts (12 hours on, 36 off), and the hours to replace. Arithmetic on the text both houses approved (the Câmara substitute, passed unchanged by the Senate on 14 October 2026); the formula of each row is in note. The overtime reflex on paid rest with two rest days (2/5 instead of about 1/6) and the 12x36 reading are legal inferences, the hourly minimum wage assumes the divisor follows the cap, and the hiring shares are estimates.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 2619,
   "hash": "sha256:13db244be09b53e3d7a0d11e935894b23c02ce69321b9e47ee33c023d751ac99",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "group",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "kind of effect: 'hourly cost at constant monthly pay', 'hourly minimum wage', 'keeping 44h of work with overtime', '12x36 round-the-clock post' or 'hours to replace (44h jobs only)'"
     },
     {
      "name": "item",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the case computed (e.g. '44h contract, 42h step', 'cap 40h, paid-rest reflex 0.400', 'workers per post at 40h cap')"
     },
     {
      "name": "value",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the result, in the unit given by unit"
     },
     {
      "name": "unit",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "unit of value: share (0.0476 = 4.76%), R$/h (reais per hour), workers (per post) or jobs (job equivalents)"
     },
     {
      "name": "note",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the formula or basis, with the PEC article where relevant (h0 = contracted weekly hours; 'reflex' = the paid-rest increase owed on habitual overtime under TST Súmula 172)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "work",
   "chapter": "Eighteen ways to buy an hour",
   "rows": 23,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/10-labor/six_by_one_effects.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "work-labor-corpus-map",
   "path": "tables/work/labor-corpus-map.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Where each work arrangement lives in the statute book",
   "description": "One row per provision that defines, limits or prices a legal way of buying work: 88 provisions from 18 federal norms and the Constitution, among them the CLT (the labor code), LC 123 on the Simples and the MEI, the laws on interns, temporary work and outsourcing, cooperatives, domestic and rural work and athletes, and the laws on social security contributions, the FGTS and income tax. Each phrase was searched in the corpus text (the repaired text where one exists), extended to the end of its clause and tied to the article heading before it; all 88 were found. Quotes come from compiled current texts except where versao_texto says 'original'; the Constitution's art. 7 XIII and XV are quoted before PEC 221/2019, which will change them.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 41032,
   "hash": "sha256:08471653567e476032f793641cfc389d834273bdb04b7a2099bafa66a79e5ac6",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "arrangement",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the arrangement or topic the provision belongs to: Constitution, CLT employment, Charges (employer and worker contributions), Apprentices, Income tax, Internship, Simples Nacional, Work cooperative, Domestic work, Outsourcing, MEI, Temporary work, Rural work, Athletes, Intermittent work, Autonomous worker"
     },
     {
      "name": "role",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the provision does for the arrangement, in English (e.g. 'employee definition: the four tests', 'weekly hours cap (44h, to become 40h under PEC 221/2019)')"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the norm (constituicao.md is the 1988 Constitution; other ids encode sphere, kind, year, number and date)"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as the catalog gives it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "art",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article whose heading precedes the quote (e.g. '7', '18-A')"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the phrase searched, extended to the end of its clause, verbatim in Portuguese (49 to 453 characters)"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the norm's official source text; empty for the 7 rows quoting the Constitution"
     },
     {
      "name": "versao_texto",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "version of the text read, in Portuguese: 'compilada (texto vigente)' compiled current text (79 rows), 'original' as enacted (6 rows, recent laws), 'original (reparado)' enacted text repaired from an official source (3 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "found",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "whether the phrase was found in the text: 'yes' in all 88 rows"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "work",
   "chapter": "Eighteen ways to buy an hour",
   "rows": 88,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/10-labor/corpus_map.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "clocks-calendar-2026-2040",
   "path": "tables/clocks/calendar-2026-2040.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Dated windows from 2026 to 2040, checked against the laws",
   "description": "One row per dated legal boundary (a window, start, end, deadline or transition step) from 2026 to 2040, with its legal basis and a verbatim quote: 76 boundaries read by hand in the law (origin 'curated') and 44 federal tax-expenditure items of the DGT 2026 (the Receita Federal's statement of tax expenditures attached to the 2026 budget bill) whose end date was re-read in the current law (origin 'dgt'). Every quote was checked automatically, word for word, against the corpus text, the repaired text or a saved official page (all 120 verified), and the article holding it was read back. 118 rows fall inside 2026-2040 (the 2045 and 2073 rows are kept); 13 dates are estimates or computed from relative terms (column est); for DGT rows the date is the term under the current law, which replaces the DGT's printed date for the 13 items marked 'changed', and the amount is the DGT's 2026 estimate in R$ a year. State-level windows and regulations outside the corpus (CGSN, CONFAZ, ANEEL) are not covered, and the dates of PEC 221/2019 (the end of the 6x1 work week) move with its publication.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 77382,
   "hash": "sha256:1f38b94aef5e8d523ba793c17a0dc5f5cac262c3a5b570904882ee15e3d2da74",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "open",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date the window opens, or the date of a single event (YYYY-MM-DD); for DGT rows, the date the benefit ends under the current law"
     },
     {
      "name": "close",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date the window closes (YYYY-MM-DD); empty for single dates (78 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "event",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "class of boundary: benefit_end, benefit_start, transition_step, obligation_start, opt_register_deadline (last day to opt in or register), grandfathering_cutoff (date that protects existing positions), effective_date, admin_deadline (deadline for a public body), sunset"
     },
     {
      "name": "theme",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "subject (e.g. 'federal tax expenditure', 'tax reform', 'electricity', 'ICMS incentives', 'payroll', 'Simples Nacional'); 22 values"
     },
     {
      "name": "what",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "plain-English description of the boundary; for DGT rows '<tax>: <expenditure item> ends', with the tax and item as the DGT names them"
     },
     {
      "name": "who",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "who is affected, in English; 'beneficiaries of the regime' for DGT rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "amount_brl",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "money at stake, R$: for DGT rows the DGT's 2026 estimate a year; for curated rows an amount written in the law or the DGT figure for the regime, as amount_basis says (some are totals over several years); blank for 53 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "amount_basis",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what amount_brl measures and where it comes from (a yearly estimate, a cap times years, a total at 2023 prices)"
     },
     {
      "name": "norm",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm that sets the boundary (e.g. 'Lei 14.973/2024', 'EC 132/2023'); for DGT rows, the legal basis as the DGT prints it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "art",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article as cited (e.g. 'art. 4', 'EC 132 art. 12', 'art. 3 (Lei 8.212 art. 22 § 17)')"
     },
     {
      "name": "art_found",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article number read back from the nearest article heading before the quote in the text checked"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the words that set the date, verbatim in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "verified",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "whether the quote was found verbatim in the source text, ignoring case, spacing, punctuation and ordinal marks: True in all 120 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "tag",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the evidence: '[corpus]' for corpus text, '[web: URL]' for an official page; DGT rows give the DGT page and, after 'term:', the norm read for the term"
     },
     {
      "name": "url",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the official text (normas.leg.br, planalto.gov.br, the Receita's DGT page, or the Câmara, Senate or Ipea page)"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the norm whose text holds the quote; for documents the corpus lacks (EC 132/2023's own articles, MP 2.199-14/2001, the PEC 221/2019 text, official notices), 'web:' followed by the name of the saved copy (12 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "est",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the date is an estimate or computed from a relative term such as '60 days after publication' (13 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "in_2026_2040",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the boundary overlaps 2026-2040 (118 rows); False for the 2045 grandfathering of solar netting and the 2073 end of the Zona Franca de Manaus"
     },
     {
      "name": "days_left_from_2026_10_15",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "days from 15 October 2026 to close, or to open for single dates; negative for dates already past"
     },
     {
      "name": "arbitrage",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True for the 26 boundaries ranked in clocks/timing-ranking"
     },
     {
      "name": "origin",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "curated (76 boundaries read in the law) or dgt (44 DGT items with their term re-read)"
     },
     {
      "name": "key",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "identifier of the row: a short name for curated rows (e.g. cprb_headcount; joins clocks/timing-ranking), 'dgt_<item number>_<DGT table>' for DGT rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "dgt_end",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "for DGT rows, the end date the DGT 2026 prints (YYYY-MM-DD); empty for curated rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "term_check",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "for DGT rows, the result of re-reading the term in the current law: confirmed (31 rows) or changed (13 rows; the later law's date is in open); empty for curated rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "term_note",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "for DGT rows, a note on the term (e.g. how a later law moved it, or that the tax itself ends in 2027), in English; '[estimate]' marks a computed end; empty otherwise"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "clocks",
   "chapter": "Clocks",
   "rows": 120,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/11-time/calendar_2026_2040.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "clocks-closing-dates",
   "path": "tables/clocks/closing-dates.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Dates on which a regime, benefit or option closes",
   "description": "One row per day on which three or more of the boundaries in clocks/calendar-2026-2040 end between 2026 and 2040 (the close date, or the date of a single event). Counted from that table: 31/12/2028 closes 19, 31/12/2029 16 and 31/12/2026 15. The amount is the sum of the DGT 2026 tax-expenditure items ending that day, R$ billions a year; boundaries read in the law carry no amount here.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 5772,
   "hash": "sha256:a4d7f5a47af00c2c71c6898032bf99f8f77cb5b0cd48b9d1089aaf35b3e8f14a",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "end",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "the day (YYYY-MM-DD)"
     },
     {
      "name": "windows",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "boundaries ending that day, curated and DGT items together (count)"
     },
     {
      "name": "curated",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "of which boundaries read in the law (count); the rest are DGT items"
     },
     {
      "name": "dgt_rs_bn",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "DGT 2026 estimate of the tax-expenditure items ending that day, R$ billions a year (25.18 on 31/12/2038 is the Sudene/Sudam 75% income-tax cut, whose end there is an estimate)"
     },
     {
      "name": "what",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the first 60 characters of each boundary's description, joined by ' | '"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "clocks",
   "chapter": "Clocks",
   "rows": 11,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/11-time/closing_dates.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "clocks-tax-expenditure-sunsets",
   "path": "tables/clocks/tax-expenditure-sunsets.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Federal tax expenditures by end year",
   "description": "One row per tax and item of the DGT 2026 (the Receita Federal's statement of tax expenditures attached to the 2026 budget bill) whose printed end date (prazo de vigência, term) falls between 2026 and 2075: 63 items, R$ 92.0 billion a year, of which R$ 57.0 billion end by 2040. Taken from the DGT's legal-description tables without change, so the dates are the DGT's; clocks/tax-expenditure-term-check re-reads those of 2026-2040 in the current law, where 9 of 27 have moved or no longer end. The 2050 items are the free-trade areas and the 2073 items the Zona Franca de Manaus; values are the Receita's 2026 estimates in reais.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 16776,
   "hash": "sha256:ab310baf7e0a98fef901dd4243fd532918b2da523aedde40758599b3017221c8",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "end_year",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the DGT's end date"
     },
     {
      "name": "prazo",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "the end date the DGT prints (YYYY-MM-DD)"
     },
     {
      "name": "tributo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the tax, in Portuguese and upper case as the DGT prints it (e.g. 'IMPOSTO SOBRE A RENDA PESSOA JURÍDICA - IRPJ', the corporate income tax)"
     },
     {
      "name": "gasto",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the expenditure item, as the DGT names it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "valor_rs",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the Receita's 2026 estimate, R$ a year; 0 for Perse and for several Zona Franca import lines"
     },
     {
      "name": "base_legal",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the legal basis as the DGT prints it, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "quadro",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the DGT table the item comes from ('Q XI' to 'Q XXV', one table of legal descriptions per tax)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "the item's number within that DGT table"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "clocks",
   "chapter": "Clocks",
   "rows": 63,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/11-time/dgt_sunsets_items.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "clocks-tax-expenditure-term-check",
   "path": "tables/clocks/tax-expenditure-term-check.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "End dates in the DGT checked against the laws",
   "description": "One row per DGT 2026 expenditure line dated between 2026 and 2040, with its term re-read in the current law: 27 lines (the taxes of the same item merged), R$ 57.0 billion a year. Each term was read by hand and its quote checked automatically against the corpus, the repaired text or a saved official page. 17 lines are confirmed (R$ 29.7 billion), 8 were changed by a later law (R$ 26.3 billion), the sport incentive no longer ends and Perse ended when its R$ 15 billion cost cap was reached; the 2038 end of the four Sudene/Sudam lines is an estimate (approval by 2028 plus 10 years of enjoyment).",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 14156,
   "hash": "sha256:85f8ad9a4ac02b06f0f9015213565029a1cf3a78d366b0dd6b9878efb176df0e",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "gasto",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the DGT expenditure line, in Portuguese (e.g. 'SUDENE - Redução 75% Projeto Setor Prioritário')"
     },
     {
      "name": "dgt_end",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "the end date the DGT prints (YYYY-MM-DD)"
     },
     {
      "name": "taxes",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the taxes the line covers, as the DGT names them, in Portuguese, separated by semicolons"
     },
     {
      "name": "value_rs_2026",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the DGT's 2026 estimate summed over those taxes, R$ a year"
     },
     {
      "name": "status",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "confirmed (the current law gives the same end), changed (a later law moved it; see law_end), no_end (the current law sets no end), ended (already over)"
     },
     {
      "name": "law_end",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "the end under the current law (YYYY-MM-DD); empty for no_end and ended"
     },
     {
      "name": "norm",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm read for the term (e.g. 'Lei 14.973/2024'); '(planalto text)' marks a text read on planalto.gov.br, the Presidency's legislation site"
     },
     {
      "name": "art",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article as cited (e.g. 'art. 3 (Lei 8.212 art. 22 § 17)')"
     },
     {
      "name": "art_found",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article read back from the nearest article heading before the quote"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the words that set the term, verbatim in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "verified",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "whether the quote was found verbatim, ignoring case, spacing, punctuation and ordinal marks: True in all 27 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "checked_in",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "where the quote was checked: 'corpus file' (the corpus text, 20 rows), 'web' (a saved official page, 2 rows) or the code for the repaired texts that replace corpus norms held as fragments or out of date (5 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "url",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the norm's official text"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifier of the norm; for the 2 rows read on official pages, 'web:' followed by the name of the saved copy"
     },
     {
      "name": "note",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "note on the term, in English (e.g. why the date moved; '[estimate]' marks a computed end); empty for 3 rows"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "clocks",
   "chapter": "Clocks",
   "rows": 27,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/11-time/dgt_term_check.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "clocks-timing-ranking",
   "path": "tables/clocks/timing-ranking.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Windows ranked by what acting inside them is worth",
   "description": "One row per dated window ranked by what acting inside it is worth, as of 15 October 2026: the 26 boundaries of clocks/calendar-2026-2040 that carry arbitrage metadata. Group A (ranks 1-17) holds windows where acting before the date captures or locks value (registering, locking in a treatment, using a benefit window, front-loading before a sunset); group B (ranks 18-26) holds dated changes that create cost or demand (phase-outs, obligations, market openings). Within a group, score = log10(stake per year in R$) + urgency − 0.5 × (risk − 1), a transparent heuristic rather than a valuation, and the 12 windows without a national figure follow the scored ones by days left. Stakes come from the DGT 2026 or from amounts written in the law, with totals spread over their years; the stake of the 6x1 row is a cost to employers.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 14010,
   "hash": "sha256:2e6650a85ed35e059616587b0c55b825711cf725b0016a7cc13bc9fa2c666231",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "rank",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "position, 1 = first (1-17 group A, 18-26 group B)"
     },
     {
      "name": "key",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "identifier of the window; joins clocks/calendar-2026-2040"
     },
     {
      "name": "group",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'A: act before the date' or 'B: dated cost or demand'"
     },
     {
      "name": "window",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "plain-English description of the window"
     },
     {
      "name": "opens",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date the window opens (YYYY-MM-DD); 15 October 2026 for sunsets and phase-outs already running"
     },
     {
      "name": "closes",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date the window closes, or the date of the change (YYYY-MM-DD)"
     },
     {
      "name": "days_left",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "days from 15 October 2026 to closes"
     },
     {
      "name": "status",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'open now' or 'opens <month year>' (e.g. 'opens Jan 2027')"
     },
     {
      "name": "kind",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "type of window: register (file or enroll by a date), lock-in (act before a date to keep a treatment), window (a period in which a benefit can be earned), sunset (a benefit ending), phase-out (a benefit being withdrawn), market (a market opening), obligation (a new duty)"
     },
     {
      "name": "stake_per_year_brl",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "money at stake a year, R$; blank for the 12 windows not quantified nationally"
     },
     {
      "name": "stake_basis",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "how the stake was computed, or the unit of the stake when it is not quantified (e.g. 'per firm'); '[estimate]' marks arithmetic"
     },
     {
      "name": "stake_type",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'benefit at stake' (13 rows), 'cost to employers (demand driver)' (1) or 'not quantified nationally' (12)"
     },
     {
      "name": "action",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what to do before the date, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "who",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "who can act"
     },
     {
      "name": "risk",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "legal or execution risk, judged: 1 low, 2 medium, 3 high"
     },
     {
      "name": "urgency",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "1 if the window closes within 12 months of 15 October 2026, 0.5 if by 31 December 2028, else 0"
     },
     {
      "name": "score",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "log10(stake_per_year_brl) + urgency − 0.5 × (risk − 1); blank when the stake is not quantified"
     },
     {
      "name": "norm",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm that sets the window"
     },
     {
      "name": "art",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article as cited"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the words that set the date, verbatim in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "evidence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the source checked: '[corpus]' or '[web: URL]'"
     },
     {
      "name": "est_date",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the date is an estimate or computed from a relative term (3 rows)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "clocks",
   "chapter": "Clocks",
   "rows": 26,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/11-time/arbitrage_ranking.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "forced-forcing-laws",
   "path": "tables/forced/forcing-laws.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Laws that force a purchase or a service, with object, organ and sanction",
   "description": "One row per norm that a text scan of the corpus flagged as possibly forcing someone to buy, install, keep, hire, train, certify, insure or report something: 8,171 federal and state laws (ordinary, complementary, promulgated and delegated; LC: Lei Complementar) and decree-laws, 7,685 of them with at least one obligation paragraph (constitutions, constitutional amendments and organic laws were skipped). Made by searching the corpus for forcing wording in the ementa (the official summary) and obligation phrasing in the articles, then tagging object, addressee, action, sanction, enforcing organ, need for regulation, deadline and mentions of unconstitutionality with regular expressions over accent-free lowercase text. This is the raw scan before any filter: the headline count of 2,291 forcing base laws comes from a stricter census (private or unspecified addressees, not known to be revoked or declared unconstitutional, amendments counted apart), and in a hand sample of 60 of those laws 77% truly oblige private actors. The status columns are the source headers as they stood at scan time: every Santa Catarina row reads revoked because that source's flag was broken, most states carry no status at all, and Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 6549768,
   "hash": "sha256:cb055c0371a93fc852639872f3b1f0b17333774f59d517ed132ba7e10e19a2bc",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus, a path-like string of sphere, state, folder, year and file name (e.g. estaduais/AC/leis-complementares/1974/lei-complementar-2-1974-id1741.md); joins forced/forced-objects and the other norm-level tables"
     },
     {
      "name": "esfera",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "sphere, in Portuguese: 'federal' federal law (556 rows), 'estadual' state law, the Federal District included (7,615 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "uf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code, BR for federal"
     },
     {
      "name": "pasta",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "folder, i.e. kind of norm, in Portuguese: leis-ordinarias ordinary laws (7,666), leis-complementares complementary laws (234), decretos-lei decree-laws (161), leis-promulgadas laws promulgated by the legislature itself after a veto was overridden or sanction withheld (108), leis-delegadas laws issued by the executive under a legislative delegation (2)"
     },
     {
      "name": "tipo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "kind of norm as named in the header, in Portuguese: 'Lei Ordinária', 'Lei Complementar', 'Decreto-Lei', 'Lei Promulgada' or 'Lei Delegada' (matches pasta)"
     },
     {
      "name": "numero",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's number as printed, text; empty for 92 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "data",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date of enactment, YYYY-MM-DD; empty for 189 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the norm, from data or the header, stored as a number (e.g. 2015.0); empty for 19 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as printed in its header, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Lei Complementar nº 2, de 04 de abril de 1974')"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's ementa (official summary), in Portuguese, whitespace collapsed and cut at 600 characters; for Santa Catarina, whose headers have none, the first opening paragraph that reads like one"
     },
     {
      "name": "situacao",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "status text from the source header, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Em vigor' or 'Vigente' in force, 'Sem revogação expressa' not expressly revoked, 'Revogada' revoked, 'Alterado' amended, 'Inconstitucional' declared unconstitutional); only SP, GO, MG, ES, SE and DF have it, empty elsewhere"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogada",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "revoked flag from the source header at scan time: True, False, or empty where the source has none (only federal norms and SP, GO, MG, ES, SE, DF and SC have it); all 298 Santa Catarina rows read True because that source's flag was broken, so the flag carries no information for SC"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the official page the text was taken from (a state assembly or government portal, or a federal legislation site)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa_forcing",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the ementa itself carries forcing wording (e.g. 'obrigatório' compulsory, 'ficam obrigados' are obliged, 'torna obrigatória' makes compulsory, 'dispõe sobre a instalação de' provides for the installation of, 'exige' requires)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_oblig_par",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of paragraphs with obligation phrasing (e.g. 'ficam obrigados a', 'é obrigatória a', 'deverão manter', 'deverão instalar', 'deverão contratar'), capped at 12; 0 when only the ementa carries forcing wording (486 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "is_amendment",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the ementa opens as an amending act ('Altera' amends, 'Acrescenta' or 'Acresce' adds, 'Modifica' modifies, 'Dá nova redação' rewords, 'Inclui' inserts, 'Revoga' revokes); 852 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "objects",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "pipe-separated object classes tagged in the norm, in Portuguese without accents (the 41 classes glossed under object in forced/forced-objects), those found in the ementa first, then those found only in obligation paragraphs; empty when none was found (4,065 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "primary_object",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the first object class found in the ementa, else the first found in the obligation paragraphs; empty when none"
     },
     {
      "name": "actors",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "pipe-separated addressee classes found in the ementa and the obligation paragraphs, in Portuguese without accents; 22 classes, e.g. 'comercio/fornecedores em geral' shops and suppliers in general, 'setor publico' the public sector, 'hospitais/clinicas/laboratorios' hospitals, clinics and laboratories, 'escolas (privadas ou ambas)' schools (private, or private and public), 'eventos/estadios/cinemas/parques' events, stadiums, cinemas and parks, 'transporte (empresas/veiculos/terminais)' transport firms, vehicles and terminals, 'bancos/financeiras/lotericas' banks, finance houses and lottery outlets, 'concessionarias (energia/agua/telecom)' utilities, 'condominios/edificios' condominiums and buildings, 'empregadores' employers; empty when none"
     },
     {
      "name": "private_actor",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when at least one addressee class other than 'setor publico' (the public sector) was found"
     },
     {
      "name": "public_only",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the only addressee class found is 'setor publico' (the public sector)"
     },
     {
      "name": "actions",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "pipe-separated action classes, in Portuguese: 'instalar/equipar' install or equip, 'afixar/informar' post or inform, 'disponibilizar/oferecer' make available or offer, 'manter/conservar' keep or maintain, 'reportar/registrar' report or register, 'contratar/presenca de profissional' hire or keep a professional present, 'treinar/capacitar' train, 'substituir/proibir' replace or ban, 'certificar/inspecionar' certify or inspect, 'segurar' insure; empty when none"
     },
     {
      "name": "has_sanction",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the first 60,000 characters of the text mention a sanction (fine, penalty, warning, closure, cassation or suspension of a licence or activity)"
     },
     {
      "name": "enforcers",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "pipe-separated enforcing organs named in the text, in Portuguese: 'Procon/defesa do consumidor' the state consumer-protection agency, 'vigilancia sanitaria' health surveillance, 'corpo de bombeiros' fire brigade, 'policia' police or public-security secretariat, 'orgao ambiental' environmental agency, 'agencia reguladora' regulatory agency, 'detran/transito' traffic department, 'orgao a definir em regulamento' an organ to be set by regulation; empty when none (5,885 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "needs_regulation",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the text says it will be regulated (e.g. 'regulamentará', 'será regulamentada', 'em regulamento')"
     },
     {
      "name": "deadline",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the first deadline phrase found, accent-free and lowercase as matched (e.g. 'prazo de noventa dias', a term of ninety days); empty when none (7,297 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "adi_flag",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the text mentions an ADI (a direct action of unconstitutionality before the STF, the Supreme Federal Court), unconstitutionality, or a suspension by court decision; a text signal, not a record of a ruling"
     },
     {
      "name": "status_flag",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "in-force reading of the source header at scan time, in Portuguese: 'sim' in force (revogada False or situacao says in force), 'nao' revoked, void, suspended or declared unconstitutional, 'desconhecido' unknown because the source gives no status (5,164 rows); all Santa Catarina rows read 'nao' because of the broken source flag"
     },
     {
      "name": "oblig_quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the first obligation paragraph, verbatim in Portuguese with the corpus's markdown (e.g. '**Art. 1º**'), whitespace collapsed and cut at 500 characters; the ementa when no obligation paragraph was found"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "forced",
   "chapter": "Markets the law forces",
   "rows": 8171,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/12-markets/forcing_laws.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "forced-forced-objects",
   "path": "tables/forced/forced-objects.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "The goods and services the law forces, counted",
   "description": "One row per pair of a norm in forced/forcing-laws and an object class tagged in it: 5,720 rows covering 4,106 norms and 41 object classes. Made by the same text scan, which matches each object class with regular expressions in the ementa (the official summary) or in the paragraphs that carry obligation phrasing. Like forced/forcing-laws this is the raw scan, before the filters on addressee, revocation, unconstitutionality and amendments that give the census counts used in forced/forced-markets-sizing, so per-object counts here differ from those (mostly larger: fire prevention, for instance, is tagged in 918 norms here and counted in 38 laws there). Santa Catarina's status_flag is unreliable, and Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 668753,
   "hash": "sha256:6653e0e06befc655f14cb3a9205780f7d950e6684dbddc69f2ea1e02077d7618",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus (path-like string of sphere, state, folder, year and file name); joins forced/forcing-laws"
     },
     {
      "name": "uf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code, BR for federal"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the norm, stored as a number (e.g. 2015.0); empty when unknown"
     },
     {
      "name": "object",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "object class, in Portuguese without accents, one of 41: 'cartaz/placa/aviso' signs and notices, 'prevencao de incendio' fire prevention, 'relatorio/registro/comunicacao a autoridade' reports to authorities, 'laudo/vistoria/inspecao/certificacao' inspections, technical reports and certificates, 'treinamento/capacitacao' training, 'acessibilidade fisica' physical accessibility, 'sanitarios' toilets, 'canal de atendimento/site' service channel or website, 'equipamento em onibus/transporte' equipment in buses and transport, 'profissional habilitado/responsavel tecnico' qualified professional or technical lead, 'logistica reversa/postos de coleta' reverse logistics and drop-off points, 'assentos/cadeiras' seats, 'rotulagem/informacao no produto' product labelling, 'braille/cardapio acessivel/audiodescricao' Braille or accessible menus and audio description, 'seguro obrigatorio' compulsory insurance, 'primeiros socorros (kit/treino)' first aid (kit or training), 'cameras/CFTV' cameras and CCTV, 'bebedouro/agua potavel gratuita' free drinking water, 'senha/controle de fila' queue tickets and queue control, 'guarda-vidas/seguranca de piscinas' lifeguards and pool safety, 'reuso de agua/agua de chuva' water reuse and rainwater, 'ambulancia/equipe medica' ambulance or medical team, 'Libras/interprete' interpreter of Libras (Brazilian Sign Language), 'vigilancia/seguranca privada' private security guards, 'fraldario/sala de amamentacao' baby-changing or nursing room, 'gerador/energia de emergencia' generator or emergency power, 'sacolas plasticas' plastic bags, 'blindagem/biombo/cofre bancario' armour, screens and safes in banks, 'leitor de precos/balanca' price readers and scales, 'desfibrilador (DEA)' defibrillator (AED), 'botao de panico/alarme' panic button or alarm, 'detector de metais/porta giratoria' metal detector or revolving security door, 'ar-condicionado/qualidade do ar' air conditioning and air quality, 'bicicletario/vagas reservadas' bicycle racks and reserved parking spaces, 'canudos/descartaveis plasticos' straws and disposable plastics, 'limpeza de reservatorios/controle de pragas' water-tank cleaning and pest control, 'hidrometro/medicao individualizada' water meters and individual metering, 'rastreador/GPS/tacografo' tracker, GPS or tachograph, 'aquecimento solar/fotovoltaico' solar water heating or photovoltaics, 'detector de gas/monoxido' gas or carbon-monoxide detector, 'recarga de veiculo eletrico' electric-vehicle charging"
     },
     {
      "name": "source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "where the object was found: 'ementa' in the official summary (2,646 rows) or 'body' only in the obligation paragraphs (3,074 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "private_actor",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the norm names at least one private addressee class (as in forced/forcing-laws)"
     },
     {
      "name": "status_flag",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "in-force reading of the source header at scan time, in Portuguese: 'sim' in force, 'nao' revoked, void, suspended or declared unconstitutional, 'desconhecido' unknown; all Santa Catarina rows read 'nao' because that source's flag was broken (as in forced/forcing-laws)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "forced",
   "chapter": "Markets the law forces",
   "rows": 5720,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/12-markets/forcing_objects.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "forced-forced-markets-ranked",
   "path": "tables/forced/forced-markets-ranked.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Forced markets ranked",
   "description": "One row per business or investment opportunity opened by the forcing laws or by a federal framework of 2019-2026 (sanitation, low-voltage electricity, crypto-asset providers, mutual vehicle protection, biomethane, betting and others): 24 rows. Each is scored 1 to 5 on size, timing, access for a small team, access for an investor, and risk; the scores are judgements argued from press, industry and government sources and from forced/forced-markets-sizing, not measurements. small_score = size + timing + 2 x access_small - risk and investor_score = 2 x size + timing + access_investor - risk, so a user can reweight them. The compliance_kit row's legal_basis cites 2,329 forcing laws, the census count before its final recount; the reconciled count is 2,291.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 4837,
   "hash": "sha256:f20a4b5011422ee4e67285a1b3b3e8098abd87b3d2963b9eed7b94cd24f7a2d6",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "key",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "short English key of the opportunity (e.g. 'sanitation_supply', 'compliance_kit', 'betting')"
     },
     {
      "name": "opportunity",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what one would sell, supply or invest in, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "legal_basis",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norms that create the market, cited briefly (Lei: federal ordinary law unless a state is named; LC: Lei Complementar; Decreto: presidential decree; MP: provisional measure, a presidential act with force of law for up to 120 days; Res. BCB, CNSP or CNPE: resolution of the Central Bank, the private-insurance council or the national energy-policy council; IN: normative instruction; CDC: the Consumer Defence Code), or a count of forcing laws in the census"
     },
     {
      "name": "window",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "when the market opens, closes or must be entered, with dates, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "size",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "judged size of the reachable market, 1 to 5: 1 under R$ 100 million a year, 3 about R$ 1 billion, 5 over R$ 10 billion"
     },
     {
      "name": "timing",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "judged timing, 1 to 5: 5 the window is open now or opens within 12 months, 1 no date"
     },
     {
      "name": "access_small",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "judged ease of entry for a team of a few people without a licence it cannot get, 1 to 5 (5 easiest)"
     },
     {
      "name": "access_investor",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "judged ease of entry for a mid-size investor without a licence it cannot get, 1 to 5 (5 easiest)"
     },
     {
      "name": "risk",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "judged regulatory risk, 1 to 5: 5 the market may be closed or reshaped by a provisional measure, a pending decree or an STF (Supreme Federal Court) ruling"
     },
     {
      "name": "small_score",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "score for a small team = size + timing + 2 x access_small - risk (from -1 to 16 here)"
     },
     {
      "name": "investor_score",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "score for an investor = 2 x size + timing + access_investor - risk (from -1 to 16 here)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "forced",
   "chapter": "Markets the law forces",
   "rows": 24,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/12-markets/opportunity_ranking.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "forced-forced-markets-sizing",
   "path": "tables/forced/forced-markets-sizing.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Size of the twenty largest forced markets",
   "description": "One row per purchasable object among the 22 most legislated (the title says twenty), with the spending that full compliance with its forcing laws would require. Law counts and enforcement shares come from the final census of 2,291 forcing base laws (in force or of unknown status, private or unspecified addressees, amendments apart); in_scope = national count of the target x applicability x share of population (or of shopping centres) in states with at least one law, and the money is in_scope x units x unit cost, kept apart as one-off capex and yearly opex. These are estimates of full-compliance spend, not revenue anyone can capture: counts and prices come from cited public pages or are marked 'estimate', 15 of 22 rows are low confidence, and the state shares are inflated by classifier errors and deflated by counting Paraná and Rio de Janeiro as having no law. The table holds the reconciled figures after the census recount: R$ 1,599 million one-off and R$ 4,562 million a year in total.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 11939,
   "hash": "sha256:79ff1f55ead1a89c09b98e9e7b669e3413eece07f1536785d93b1da013b87c5e",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "object",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "object class, in Portuguese without accents (e.g. 'desfibrilador (DEA)' defibrillator, 'guarda-vidas/seguranca de piscinas' lifeguards and pool safety, 'sacolas plasticas' plastic bags); the classes are glossed under object in forced/forced-objects"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_laws",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of forcing base laws, federal and state, for the object in the final census (amendments not counted)"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_ufs",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of states, the Federal District included and the Union not, with at least one such law"
     },
     {
      "name": "federal_laws",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of federal laws among n_laws"
     },
     {
      "name": "ufs",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "space-separated two-letter codes of the states with at least one such law"
     },
     {
      "name": "pop_share_with_law",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share (0 to 1) of Brazil's population (IBGE Censo 2022) living in the states listed in ufs; Paraná and Rio de Janeiro count as having no law"
     },
     {
      "name": "mall_share_with_law",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share (0 to 1) of Brazil's 658 shopping centres (Abrasce, 2025) located in the states listed in ufs"
     },
     {
      "name": "base",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "which share scales the national count: 'pop' the population share (18 rows), 'malls' the shopping-centre share (2), 'national' 1.0 because a federal law covers the target (2)"
     },
     {
      "name": "share_used",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "the share applied, 0 to 1: pop_share_with_law, mall_share_with_law or 1.0, according to base"
     },
     {
      "name": "target",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the establishments the typical law targets and the duty that was sized, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "national_count",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "national count of the target from count_source: establishments or sites, event-days, or new housing units a year; for plastic bags, the bags used a year (15 billion)"
     },
     {
      "name": "count_source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "source of national_count: a URL with the figure used, or 'estimate:' followed by the basis of a guess"
     },
     {
      "name": "applicability",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "share (0 to 1) of the national count that the typical law covers, mostly a judgement (e.g. 0.35 for bars and restaurants that are not MEI, the one-person firm regime)"
     },
     {
      "name": "in_scope",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "targets in scope = national_count x applicability x share_used, rounded (establishments or sites; bags a year for plastic bags)"
     },
     {
      "name": "units_per_site",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "units of the object each target must have (e.g. 2 guards a bank branch, 1.5 full-time lifeguards a pool, 10 seats a branch)"
     },
     {
      "name": "unit_capex_brl",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "one-off cost of one unit, R$; 0 where the duty is only a recurring cost"
     },
     {
      "name": "unit_opex_brl_yr",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "yearly cost of one unit, R$ a year; for personnel, the yearly wage with employer charges; for plastic bags, the full price of a compliant bag (R$ 0.08), not the extra over a conventional one"
     },
     {
      "name": "cost_source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "source of the unit costs: a URL or price reference (e.g. SINAPI, the federal construction-cost reference), or 'estimate:' followed by the basis of a guess"
     },
     {
      "name": "capex_forced_brl_m",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "one-off spending at full compliance, R$ million = in_scope x units_per_site x unit_capex_brl"
     },
     {
      "name": "opex_forced_brl_m_yr",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "recurring spending at full compliance, R$ million a year = in_scope x units_per_site x unit_opex_brl_yr"
     },
     {
      "name": "pct_sanction",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "percent (0 to 100) of the object's counted laws whose text carries a sanction (fine, closure, licence suspension)"
     },
     {
      "name": "pct_named_organ",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "percent (0 to 100) of the counted laws that name at least one enforcing organ other than 'an organ to be set by regulation'"
     },
     {
      "name": "pct_procon",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "percent (0 to 100) of the counted laws that name Procon, the state consumer-protection agency"
     },
     {
      "name": "pct_needs_regulation",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "percent (0 to 100) of the counted laws that expressly wait for a regulation"
     },
     {
      "name": "top_enforcers",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the three enforcing organs most often named, each with its count of laws, in Portuguese (e.g. 'Procon/defesa do consumidor 15; orgao a definir em regulamento 10'); the organ classes are glossed under enforcers in forced/forcing-laws"
     },
     {
      "name": "n_adi_flag",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of the counted laws whose text mentions an ADI (a direct action of unconstitutionality before the STF) or unconstitutionality; a text signal, not a count of rulings"
     },
     {
      "name": "confidence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "judgement of the row's reliability: 'medium' (7 rows) or 'low' (15 rows)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "forced",
   "chapter": "Markets the law forces",
   "rows": 22,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/12-markets/top20_market_sizing.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "union-stf-adverse-state-norms",
   "path": "tables/union/stf-adverse-state-norms.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "State norms the STF struck, suspended or narrowed",
   "description": "One row per state norm whose official text carries a note that the STF (the Supreme Federal Court) struck it, suspended it, or narrowed it by interpretação conforme (a ruling that keeps the text but fixes its reading), in whole or in part: 707 norms in 21 of the 25 states present. Made by scanning the state corpus for control markers ('declarada inconstitucional', 'ADI', 'eficácia suspensa' and the like) and classifying each note line by court, outcome and scope; theme, vertical and private_duty come from keywords in the ementa (the official summary). 94% of the rows (663) sit in the nine states whose sources annotate control outcomes (DF, SP, ES, MT, MG, SC, GO, MS, PE), so elsewhere a missing note means unknown; the scan reads notes in the body, not the ementa, and a note can be outdated (suspensions later lifted still count). The table holds the raw flags: a later web review of 17 copy families found 2 of them wrong (SP Lei 13.541/2009, whose ADI 4249 was dismissed as moot, and MT Lei 12.709/2024, upheld in August 2026) and 2 strikes the scan missed (RO Lei 2.026/2009 and PB Lei 11.782/2020).",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 394105,
   "hash": "sha256:0fbd2d93903c23c55e2c96480e45d462015a3e24107dacd84357c0e52fea1b95",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus, a path-like string of sphere, state, folder, year and file name; joins the other norm-level tables"
     },
     {
      "name": "uf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code"
     },
     {
      "name": "pasta",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "folder, i.e. kind of norm, in Portuguese: leis-ordinarias ordinary laws (480), leis-complementares complementary laws (161), emendas-constitucionais amendments to the state constitution (46), constituicao the state constitution (14), emendas-lei-organica amendments to the Federal District's organic law (3), leis-delegadas laws issued by the executive under a legislative delegation (2), lei-organica the Federal District's organic law, its constitution (1)"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as printed in its header, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano_norma",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the norm, stored as a number (e.g. 1992.0); empty for 2 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "theme",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "subject of the norm from keywords in its ementa (first match in a fixed order), code in Portuguese: 'criacao_municipios' creation of municipalities, 'telecom' telecommunications, 'energia' electricity, 'combustiveis' fuels, 'bancos_credito' banks and credit, 'seguros_planos' insurance and health plans, 'aereo' air transport, 'transito' traffic, 'trabalho' labour, 'civil_contratos' civil and commercial law and contracts, 'educacao_federal' education matters under federal rules (curricula, diplomas, higher education), 'penal_processo' criminal law and procedure, 'loterias_jogos' lotteries and gambling, 'armas_seguranca_privada' firearms and private security, 'mineracao_aguas_nuclear' mining, water and nuclear matters, 'dados_telemarketing' personal data and telemarketing, 'tributario' tax, 'ambiental_animais' environment and animals, 'saude' health, 'servidores_organizacao' public servants and state organization, 'orcamento_patrimonio' budget and state property, 'consumidor_geral' consumer matters in general, 'outro' none of these, 'sem_ementa' no ementa; the first sixteen are the vertical themes"
     },
     {
      "name": "vertical",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the theme is one where a state law typically meets a power reserved to the Union (Federal Constitution arts. 21 and 22, or art. 18 §4 for creating municipalities); 125 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "private_duty",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the ementa imposes a duty or a prohibition on private actors (firms, operators, concessionaires, establishments); 35 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "competence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the Federal Constitution provision the STF usually invokes when a state law on that theme falls (e.g. 'CF 22 XI': art. 22, item XI, the Union's power over traffic); 'concurrent' marks powers shared with the states and 'not vertical' themes where the usual defect lies elsewhere (e.g. a bill the governor alone may propose); empty for 'outro' and 'sem_ementa'"
     },
     {
      "name": "stf_whole",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when a note says the whole norm, not only a part, was struck or suspended; 172 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "adi_stf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "space-separated numbers of the STF actions (ADI: direct action of unconstitutionality) cited in the norm's notes; empty when no number could be read (79 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's ementa (official summary), in Portuguese; for Santa Catarina, whose headers have none, the summary read from the text, cut at 600 characters; empty for 25 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "evidence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the note line, verbatim in Portuguese and cut at 300 characters, chosen in this order: an STF strike, an STF suspension, a strike by a court the note does not name, an STF interpretação conforme, then other notes"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the official page of the norm"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "union",
   "chapter": "The Union and the states",
   "rows": 707,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/13-conflicts/stf_adverse_norms.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "union-struck-by-state",
   "path": "tables/union/struck-by-state.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Struck state norms by state",
   "description": "One row per state present in the corpus (24 states and the Federal District), counting its norms of every kind by the notes of constitutional control their texts carry. Made from the same marker scan as union/stf-adverse-state-norms: each note is classified by court (the STF, the state's Court of Justice, or unknown), outcome (struck, suspended, narrowed, upheld, no decision, cited) and scope (whole or part), and a norm counts once in each column that applies; the counts use the raw flags, including the two that a later review found wrong (see union/stf-adverse-state-norms). The counts measure annotation as much as litigation: the nine annotating states hold 663 of the 707 STF-adverse norms, elsewhere a missing note means unknown rather than unchallenged, and Paraná and Rio de Janeiro are absent.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 1086,
   "hash": "sha256:16e0f8575821ebfed7f4aa39da59768d2d7d2bb78d842b80324f4e957a565fab",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "uf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code"
     },
     {
      "name": "norms",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of the state's norms of every kind in the corpus"
     },
     {
      "name": "hdr_flag",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of norms whose source header status says declared unconstitutional or suspended; only portals with a status field have it (non-zero for DF, SP, ES, MG and GO)"
     },
     {
      "name": "stf_adverse",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of norms with a note that the STF struck, suspended or narrowed them (interpretação conforme), whole or part; the rows of union/stf-adverse-state-norms"
     },
     {
      "name": "stf_struck",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of norms with a note that the STF declared them unconstitutional, whole or part"
     },
     {
      "name": "stf_whole",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of norms struck or suspended by the STF as a whole"
     },
     {
      "name": "stf_upheld",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of norms with a note that the STF upheld them and no adverse STF note"
     },
     {
      "name": "stf_challenged",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of norms with an STF note of any kind: adverse, upheld, no decision (moot or dismissed) or a bare citation of an ADI (direct action of unconstitutionality)"
     },
     {
      "name": "tj_adverse",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of norms struck or suspended by the state's own Court of Justice (TJ) in state-level constitutional control"
     },
     {
      "name": "any_adverse",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of norms with any adverse sign: STF-adverse, TJ-adverse, a header status flag, or a strike by a court the note does not name"
     },
     {
      "name": "stf_adverse_per_1000",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "stf_adverse per 1,000 norms of the state"
     },
     {
      "name": "annotating",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True for the nine states whose official sources annotate control outcomes in the text (DF, SP, ES, MT, MG, SC, GO, MS, PE)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "union",
   "chapter": "The Union and the states",
   "rows": 25,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/13-conflicts/struck_by_state.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "union-struck-by-theme",
   "path": "tables/union/struck-by-theme.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Struck state norms by theme, per thousand laws",
   "description": "One row per theme of state law (24 codes, from keywords in the ementa), counting the laws of the nine annotating states (DF, SP, ES, MT, MG, SC, GO, MS, PE) by the notes of constitutional control in their texts, overall and for the laws that impose duties on private firms. Laws here are ordinary, complementary and delegated laws and decree-laws; the marker scan is the one behind union/stf-adverse-state-norms, and the theme is the first keyword match in a fixed order, so it is noisy ('transito', traffic, also catches traffic-department careers and IPVA laws). Rates per 1,000 laws compare themes; struck_share_of_decided is biased upward because annotators record strikes more often than upholds.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 2034,
   "hash": "sha256:26c4cab043c7703008e037f4875a5b6f9726cd641e446147997cca85feab8961",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "theme",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "theme code, in Portuguese (glossed under theme in union/stf-adverse-state-norms)"
     },
     {
      "name": "laws",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of laws on the theme in the nine annotating states"
     },
     {
      "name": "private_duty",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of those laws whose ementa imposes a duty or a prohibition on private actors"
     },
     {
      "name": "stf_adverse",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of laws with a note that the STF struck, suspended or narrowed them, whole or part"
     },
     {
      "name": "stf_upheld",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of laws with a note that the STF upheld them and no adverse STF note"
     },
     {
      "name": "stf_challenged",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of laws with an STF note of any kind (adverse, upheld, no decision, or a bare citation of an ADI)"
     },
     {
      "name": "tj_adverse",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "count of laws struck or suspended by the state's own Court of Justice (TJ)"
     },
     {
      "name": "pd_stf_adverse",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "stf_adverse among the private-duty laws"
     },
     {
      "name": "pd_stf_upheld",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "stf_upheld among the private-duty laws"
     },
     {
      "name": "pd_stf_challenged",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "stf_challenged among the private-duty laws"
     },
     {
      "name": "stf_adverse_per_1000",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "stf_adverse per 1,000 laws on the theme"
     },
     {
      "name": "pd_adverse_per_1000",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "pd_stf_adverse per 1,000 private-duty laws on the theme; empty when the theme has none"
     },
     {
      "name": "struck_share_of_decided",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "stf_adverse / (stf_adverse + stf_upheld): share (0 to 1) of recorded STF decisions that went against the law; empty when none was recorded"
     },
     {
      "name": "competence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the Federal Constitution provision the STF usually invokes when a law on the theme falls (e.g. 'CF 21 XI, 22 IV' for telecom); 'concurrent' marks powers shared with the states, 'not vertical' themes where the usual defect lies elsewhere; empty for 'outro' and 'sem_ementa'"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "union",
   "chapter": "The Union and the states",
   "rows": 24,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/13-conflicts/struck_by_theme.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "union-risk-by-theme",
   "path": "tables/union/risk-by-theme.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Untested state laws on federal matters and their modelled risk, by theme",
   "description": "One row per theme (23 themes and a TOTAL row) of state laws that sit on a federal matter or impose duties on private firms, counting how many carry no control note and are not known to be revoked, and how a constitutional-risk score rates those untested laws. The score is a logistic regression on ementa words, theme, decade and the private-duty and vertical flags, trained on the laws of the nine annotating states with an STF-adverse note as the label and no state feature (leave-one-state-out AUC 0.73-0.96, median 0.89); 'revoked' uses only the catalog flag and status text, with Santa Catarina's flag ignored. For non-vertical themes only private-duty laws enter and the TOTAL row sums all 23 themes, so the headline figures are the sums of the sixteen vertical rows (16,267 unchallenged laws not known to be revoked, 1,370 of them with private duties, 4,082 in the top risk decile); the later revocation data from the citation graph, not applied here, lowers the first two to about 15,800 and 1,345. The expected-strikes range applies the 75-82% rate at which published studies find the STF strikes the state laws it judges; the headline estimate instead uses a deliberately conservative 50-75%, or 2,000 to 3,100 of the 4,082.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 2187,
   "hash": "sha256:c4a5ba823c20d41989dbc67d89f9ad8b7c6d59771f380f23b94496f46fa035db",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "theme",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "theme code, in Portuguese (glossed under theme in union/stf-adverse-state-norms); 'TOTAL' for the sum row"
     },
     {
      "name": "laws",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count of state laws (ordinary, complementary, delegated, decree-laws) with an ementa on the theme, in all 25 states present; for non-vertical themes, only those with private duties"
     },
     {
      "name": "flagged_any",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count of those laws with a control note of any kind (STF or state court, adverse or not, or a header status flag)"
     },
     {
      "name": "stf_adverse",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count of those laws with a note that the STF struck, suspended or narrowed them"
     },
     {
      "name": "revoked_known",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count of those laws marked revoked by the catalog flag or whose status text says revoked, void ('sem efeito') or lapsed ('caducada'); Santa Catarina's flag ignored"
     },
     {
      "name": "unflagged_unrevoked",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count of laws with no control note and not known to be revoked"
     },
     {
      "name": "unflagged_private_duty",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count of the unflagged, unrevoked laws whose ementa imposes a duty or a prohibition on private actors"
     },
     {
      "name": "unflagged_top_decile",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count of the unflagged, unrevoked laws whose risk score is in the top 10% of all state laws (percentile 0.9 or more)"
     },
     {
      "name": "mean_pctile_unflagged",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "mean risk-score percentile (0 to 1, ranked among all state laws with an ementa) of the unflagged, unrevoked laws; in the TOTAL row a sum with no meaning"
     },
     {
      "name": "competence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the Federal Constitution provision the STF usually invokes when a law on the theme falls; 'concurrent' marks shared powers, 'not vertical' themes where the usual defect lies elsewhere; empty for 'outro' and the TOTAL row"
     },
     {
      "name": "expected_strikes_if_all_top_decile_judged",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "text range 'low-high' = unflagged_top_decile x 0.75 and x 0.82, the laws expected to fall if the STF judged every top-decile law at the strike rate of published studies; empty in the TOTAL row"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "union",
   "chapter": "The Union and the states",
   "rows": 24,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/13-conflicts/risk_by_theme.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "union-tax-theses-2026",
   "path": "tables/union/tax-theses-2026.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Settled tax theses that still pay in 2026",
   "description": "One row per tax thesis (a legal question settled or pending before the STF, the Supreme Federal Court, or the STJ, the Superior Court of Justice) that settles a federal-state or tax-base conflict, with its status in 2026 and who gains or pays: 14 rows. Status, value and winners were read from court, CONFAZ (the council of state finance secretaries) and specialist pages on 15 October 2026, with URLs in sources; the corpus columns count state norms whose text carries a clause tied to the thesis, found by keyword search and recounted after the revocation data were revised on the evening of 15 October. Corpus counts are mentions, not distinct taxes (a code, its amendments and budget laws that name a fund all count), money figures are third-party estimates as cited, and readings marked 'my reading' are the analyst's own and were not checked against case law.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 12437,
   "hash": "sha256:7333aca8c58d9d4d1845896e50b4bb88461807d8610e2f2bf0b75c41897c1357",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "key",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "short English key of the thesis (e.g. 'difal', 'itcmd_foreign', 'ipva_domicile')"
     },
     {
      "name": "thesis",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the thesis in one line, in English (ICMS: the state tax on goods and some services; ICMS-ST: ICMS collected in advance by tax substitution; DIFAL: the ICMS rate difference due to the destination state on interstate sales to final consumers; PIS/Cofins: federal contributions on revenue; ISS: the municipal services tax; IPVA: the state tax on motor vehicles; ITCMD: the state tax on gifts and inheritances; IRPJ/CSLL: federal taxes on corporate profit; TUSD/TUST: the charges for using the power distribution and transmission grids)"
     },
     {
      "name": "leading_cases",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the leading cases with dates: STF Tema (a binding repercussão geral theme), STJ Tema (a repetitive-appeals theme), RE and REsp (extraordinary and special appeals), ADI and ADC (direct actions of unconstitutionality and of constitutionality), ED (motions for clarification), plus administrative opinions where relevant"
     },
     {
      "name": "status_2026",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "legal status in 2026, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "value_2026",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "whether value still flows in 2026 and to whom: 'live, to taxpayers', 'closed', 'pending', 'mixed', 'to the Union' or 'to the states', with notes and any cited money estimate"
     },
     {
      "name": "who_gains_2026",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "who gains in 2026, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "who_bears_2026",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "who pays or loses in 2026, in English; empty for software"
     },
     {
      "name": "window",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the time limit or window for acting (e.g. 'rolling five years (CTN art. 168)'; CTN: the National Tax Code)"
     },
     {
      "name": "sources",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URLs of the pages read, separated by ' ; '"
     },
     {
      "name": "corpus_norms",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "count of state norms in the corpus with a clause tied to the thesis; empty for the six theses with no state clause to count"
     },
     {
      "name": "corpus_norms_not_known_revoked",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "of corpus_norms, those not marked revoked by the catalog or the citation-graph status"
     },
     {
      "name": "corpus_states",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "space-separated codes of the states with at least one such norm not known to be revoked (for ipva_domicile, the states with the rental-car clauses, SP included)"
     },
     {
      "name": "corpus_note",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the corpus count measures, in English; empty where there is no count"
     },
     {
      "name": "accessed",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date the web sources were read, YYYY-MM-DD (2026-10-15 for every row)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "union",
   "chapter": "The Union and the states",
   "rows": 14,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/13-conflicts/tax_theses_2026.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "union-rental-car-ipva-siblings",
   "path": "tables/union/rental-car-ipva-siblings.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "State IPVA rules on rental cars like the one struck in ADI 4376",
   "description": "One row per state law found to carry the rental-car clauses of IPVA (the state tax on motor vehicles) that the STF struck in SP's Lei 13.296/2008 in ADI 4376 (judged in August 2026): 14 rows, namely SP's own law, mirrors in ten other states (two laws each for ES and SC), and one false positive, GO Lei 11 of 1892 on hiring of services, which should be dropped. Found by a keyword search of the state corpus for the three clause types the STF examined (tax due when a car is rented or made available for rent in the state; tax due at the renter's domicile; joint liability of partners, managers, renters or public agents), quoting the first match of each. The texts are the corpus versions, often the original enactment, and their current wording was not checked on the assemblies' sites; none of the mirror laws carries a note of the 2026 judgment.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 17767,
   "hash": "sha256:831a184b28e27d2805145f1bcc78f31dfcf9a41335e83c20fcf97d721f5808fb",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's key in the corpus (path-like string of sphere, state, folder, year and file name)"
     },
     {
      "name": "uf",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "two-letter state code"
     },
     {
      "name": "titulo",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's title as printed in its header, in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "ano_norma",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "year of the norm, stored as a number; empty for the CE law, whose corpus file has no year"
     },
     {
      "name": "ementa",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the norm's ementa (official summary), in Portuguese"
     },
     {
      "name": "situacao",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "status text from the source header, in Portuguese ('Em vigor' in force, 'Sem revogação expressa' not expressly revoked); only ES, GO, SE and SP have it"
     },
     {
      "name": "revogada",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "revoked flag from the corpus catalog: False, or empty where the source has none"
     },
     {
      "name": "fonte",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the official page of the norm"
     },
     {
      "name": "fato_gerador_art",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article number as printed (e.g. '2º') holding the first clause that makes the tax due when a vehicle is rented or made available for rent in the state ('fato gerador': the taxable event); empty when none was found"
     },
     {
      "name": "fato_gerador_quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "that clause, verbatim in Portuguese with up to 160 characters of preceding text, whitespace collapsed, at most 420 characters"
     },
     {
      "name": "local_art",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article number holding the first clause that places the tax at the renter's domicile or where the vehicles are kept available"
     },
     {
      "name": "local_quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "that clause, verbatim in Portuguese, as for fato_gerador_quote"
     },
     {
      "name": "responsavel_art",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article number holding the first joint-liability clause (partner, director, manager or administrator; the renter; the public agent who contracts the rental)"
     },
     {
      "name": "responsavel_quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "that clause, verbatim in Portuguese, as for fato_gerador_quote"
     },
     {
      "name": "control_note_art",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "article number preceding the first note of constitutional control; empty when the note comes before the first article or there is none"
     },
     {
      "name": "control_note_quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the first note of constitutional control (an ADI mention, 'declarada inconstitucional', 'eficácia suspensa'), verbatim; present in 4 rows: SP's note of ADI 4376 dated 2010, SC's notes of ADI 4612 and ADI 4479, and a spurious match in the signature block of the PE law"
     },
     {
      "name": "mentions_4376",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the text contains '4376' or '4.376' (ADI 4376); only SP's law, whose note refers to the 2010 stage of the case, not the 2026 judgment"
     },
     {
      "name": "mentions_4612",
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "True when the text contains '4612' or '4.612' (ADI 4612, in which the STF struck part of Santa Catarina's joint-liability clause); True for both SC laws"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "union",
   "chapter": "The Union and the states",
   "rows": 14,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/13-conflicts/ipva_rental_siblings.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "strategies",
   "path": "tables/strategies/strategies.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Seventy-seven strategy records, sixty-nine lawful strategies and eight anti-stacks, ranked by urgency and size, with both red teams' verdicts",
   "description": "One row per lawful strategy for using a seam of the law, 77 in all, written after the analysis by four strategy lists (products and services a small team can build; capital: structure, location, time windows, vehicles, recovery and litigation, new markets; public-interest actions; combinations of seams that add up or exclude each other) and merged with the verdicts of two red teams (adversarial reviews that tried to refute each premise), one checking tax claims and one checking labour, regulatory and constitutional claims against official texts. Rows are sorted by urgency (days from 16 October 2026 to the first date in window_end) and then by size_mid_brl. Sizes are estimates in yearly reais unless size_basis says otherwise, with the arithmetic in size_basis; the red-team verdicts and issues were given before the fixes, which every list has since applied (fixes_applied), so they describe problems the other fields already correct. abuse_line states where each strategy would cross from planning into abuse.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 265668,
   "hash": "sha256:70fd8d2aefab991ee1e96ab74dbcef47c34ba2470a8dedb1ed307987fa3fa263",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the strategy list the row comes from, as a code: 'S1' products and services a small team can build (14 rows), 'S2' capital strategies (25), 'S3' public-interest actions (20), 'S4' combinations of seams (18)"
     },
     {
      "name": "fixes_applied",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'yes' in every row: the list applied the red teams' fixes after the verdicts in this row were given"
     },
     {
      "name": "track",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'public' when who includes a public-interest actor (legislator, regulator, NGO, journalist, civic tech; 27 rows), else 'private' (50)"
     },
     {
      "name": "risk_level",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "first word of legal_risk: 'low' (53 rows), 'medium' (14) or 'high' (10)"
     },
     {
      "name": "size_mid_brl",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "central size, R$, in the unit of size_basis (yearly unless it says otherwise): the geometric mean of size_low_brl and size_high_brl when both are positive, else their average; 0 when no size is given (13 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "window_end_date",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "first date found in window_end, YYYY-MM-DD; empty when it has none (45 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "days_left",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "days from 16 October 2026 to window_end_date; empty when there is no date"
     },
     {
      "name": "urgency",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "urgency class from days_left: '1 within a month', '2 within 3 months', '3 within a year', '4 within 3 years', '5 later', '6 open' (no end date); '0 passed' would mark a closed window and does not occur"
     },
     {
      "name": "s3_flag",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the public-interest list's conscience check on the strategy, in English (e.g. 'lawful but regressive: pays only to large estates'); '(applied)' means the strategy was changed accordingly; empty for 68 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "r1_verdict",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the tax red team's verdict before the fixes: 'sound' holds as written, 'fix' holds once the points in r1_issues are corrected, 'unsound' fails (does not occur), 'not audited' where the team wrote no row (the 20 public-interest strategies)"
     },
     {
      "name": "r1_issues",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the tax red team's findings for rows it did not find sound, joined by ' || ' and cut at 600 characters; empty otherwise"
     },
     {
      "name": "r2_verdict",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the labour and regulatory red team's verdict before the fixes, with the same codes as r1_verdict ('not audited' for 12 combination rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "r2_issues",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the labour and regulatory red team's findings for rows it did not find sound, joined by ' || ' and cut at 600 characters; empty otherwise"
     },
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the strategy's identifier: the list code, a hyphen and a running number (combinations that exclude each other carry an 'A' before the number); joins strategy_id in line/tax-strategy-audit and line/labor-strategy-audit"
     },
     {
      "name": "title",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "one-line title of the strategy, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "kind",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "kind of strategy, 1 to 7: 1 structure and location, 2 products for whoever crosses a boundary, 3 time windows, 4 vehicles, 5 recovery and litigation, 6 legally forced markets and new frameworks, 7 information products"
     },
     {
      "name": "asymmetry_type",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the type of seam used, one or more separated by ';': jurisdictional (state against state), vertical (federal against state), regime (legal form or tax regime), threshold (a number where treatment jumps), temporal (before and after a date), definitional (one term, several meanings), enforcement (a rule without sanction or enforcing organ), informational (law that exists but cannot be read)"
     },
     {
      "name": "who",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "who can carry it out, one or more separated by ';': small software team, operating company, investor, professional firm (law or accounting), public-interest actor (legislator, regulator, NGO, journalist, civic tech), sometimes narrowed in parentheses"
     },
     {
      "name": "mechanism",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "how the strategy works, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "legal_basis",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the laws and articles it rests on (Lei: ordinary law; LC: Lei Complementar; EC: constitutional amendment; Res.: resolution; IN: normative instruction)"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the operative words of the law, verbatim in Portuguese, introduced by the act and article"
     },
     {
      "name": "size_low_brl",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "low estimate of the gain or value, R$ a year unless size_basis says otherwise; empty when the strategy was not sized (13 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "size_high_brl",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "high estimate of the gain or value, in the same unit as size_low_brl; empty when not sized"
     },
     {
      "name": "size_basis",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the unit of the size (per firm, per semester, per worker, one-off, national...) and the arithmetic behind it, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "capital_needed",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the capital needed to carry it out, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "skills",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the skills needed, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "window_start",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "when the window opens: a date (YYYY-MM-DD) or a phrase"
     },
     {
      "name": "window_end",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "when the window closes: a date or a phrase, sometimes with a second period in parentheses (e.g. a cancellation period)"
     },
     {
      "name": "first_steps",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "three concrete first steps, separated by ' | '"
     },
     {
      "name": "legal_risk",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "legal risk: 'low', 'medium' or 'high', sometimes followed by the conditions that change it"
     },
     {
      "name": "abuse_line",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what exactly would turn the strategy into abuse (evasion, simulation, disguised employment, splitting a business to stay under a line, and the like) and the rule that says so"
     },
     {
      "name": "confidence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "confidence in the row: 'high', 'medium' or 'low', sometimes split by part (e.g. statute and dates high, size low)"
     },
     {
      "name": "evidence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "references to the analysis behind the row: working tables and report sections of the original analysis, corpus identifiers of the norms quoted, and verification checks (matchable to claim_id in line/tax-claims-checked and line/labor-claims-checked); the file references point to the original working files, not to tables in this release"
     },
     {
      "name": "web_checked",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "date and URL of the check made on an official website, or 'no', sometimes with the reason (39 rows)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "strategies",
   "chapter": "Seventy-seven strategies",
   "rows": 77,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/report/strategies_master.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "strategies-strategy-calendar",
   "path": "tables/strategies/strategy-calendar.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "The capital strategies' dated steps",
   "description": "One row per dated action or deadline that the capital strategies (structure, location, time windows, vehicles, recovery and litigation, new markets) depend on, from 16 October 2026 to 1 January 2040: 44 rows. Dates were read from the statutes, regulations and official notices cited in legal_basis, as they stood on 16 October 2026. The dates that follow from the end of the 6x1 working week (six days of work for one of rest) run from the publication of constitutional amendment EC 141/2026 in the DOU, the federal official gazette, which had not happened when the table was written, so they may shift.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 8580,
   "hash": "sha256:346cdc0815038944b2584a1dae7a017e3dcca043d731e7762758305a1ee0d289",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "date",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date of the action or deadline, YYYY-MM-DD"
     },
     {
      "name": "action",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what happens or must be done on that date, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "who",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "who must act or is affected, one or more separated by ';', in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "legal_basis",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the law, article or official act that sets the date (EC: constitutional amendment; LC: Lei Complementar; Res.: resolution; DOU: the federal official gazette)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "strategies",
   "chapter": "Seventy-seven strategies",
   "rows": 44,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/S2-capital/calendar.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "stacks-stack-compatibility",
   "path": "tables/stacks/stack-compatibility.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Which strategies combine, which exclude each other, and why",
   "description": "One row per pair of seams (tax regimes, incentives, legal forms or rules) checked for whether a firm or person can use both: 72 pairs, 26 compatible, 18 exclusive and 28 conditional. Each pair was read in the statutes, with what each side acts on, the legal reason, the effect on the combined gain, the article and a verbatim quote, and every quote was checked automatically against the corpus or a saved official copy. The table holds the version after the fixes required by the reviews in line/tax-strategy-audit and line/labor-strategy-audit (before them the split was 27 compatible, 20 exclusive and 25 conditional); the gains in stacking_effect are estimates with their arithmetic.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 75209,
   "hash": "sha256:bcf2ac52ce6ba6fe7be5bd4bfb7d21ffeb61c116e0605b43f57dd30ed69542b4",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "pair_id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "identifier of the pair, 'C' followed by a running number from 01 to 72"
     },
     {
      "name": "item_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the first seam of the pair (a tax regime, incentive, legal form or rule), in English with its Portuguese name (e.g. 'Simples Nacional', the simplified regime for firms up to R$ 4.8 million of revenue)"
     },
     {
      "name": "item_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the second seam of the pair, in the same form as item_a"
     },
     {
      "name": "acts_on_a",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the first seam acts on (a tax base, a decision, the payroll, the whole firm...), in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "acts_on_b",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the second seam acts on, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "relation",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'compatible' the two add up, 'exclusive' using one closes the other, 'conditional' they combine only under the condition stated in legal_reason"
     },
     {
      "name": "legal_reason",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the legal reason for the relation, with the articles, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "stacking_effect",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the effect on the combined gain, with arithmetic where given, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "norm_article",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the articles relied on, several separated by ' | '"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the operative words, verbatim in Portuguese; several passages separated by ' || '"
     },
     {
      "name": "source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "corpus identifiers of the norms quoted, separated by ' | '; documents checked in a saved official copy carry a short label instead (labels inferred from the values, e.g. 'MP2199' for Medida Provisória 2.199-14/2001, 'RIR' for the income-tax regulation, 'EC132' for constitutional amendment 132/2023, 'PEC' for the proposed amendment on the 6x1 week)"
     },
     {
      "name": "source_url",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URLs of the official pages of the norms, separated by ' | '; empty for 2 rows quoting only the Constitution"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote_verified",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "1 when the quote was found verbatim in the corpus or the saved official copy (all 72 rows)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "stacks",
   "chapter": "Stacks",
   "rows": 72,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/S4-stacks/compat.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "line-tax-claims-checked",
   "path": "tables/line/tax-claims-checked.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Tax claims checked against the official text, with the corrected fact",
   "description": "One row per factual claim from the analysis that the tax red team (an adversarial review) checked against official texts on 16 October 2026: 31 rows, 23 confirmed and 8 corrected. Sources were official first (planalto.gov.br, normas.leg.br, the corpus with its repaired federal texts, STF and STJ pages, the Receita Federal, CGSN (the Simples Nacional management committee), CONFAZ, state finance and assembly sites, Congress pages), and a point resting on secondary sources was accepted only when two independent ones agreed. Where a claim is corrected, correct_statement holds the verified fact, which supersedes the claim.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 71663,
   "hash": "sha256:4874c74d2335055255d30e3800e3afa3bdd7aaf948aa253f5359a29c26fcca70",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "claim_id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "identifier of the check: 'T' followed by a number, with a decimal for sub-claims; cited in the evidence and sources of other tables"
     },
     {
      "name": "claim",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the claim as stated in the analysis, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "module",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the parts of the analysis the claim came from, as internal labels (a number and a short topic name such as federal regimes, time, thresholds or state tax), separated by ';'"
     },
     {
      "name": "verdict",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'confirmed' as stated (23 rows) or 'corrected' substance right but a number, article, date or condition wrong (8)"
     },
     {
      "name": "correct_statement",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the verified statement, with the correction where there is one, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "source_url",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URLs of the official pages read, separated by ' ; '"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the decisive passage, verbatim in Portuguese, introduced by the act and article"
     },
     {
      "name": "date_checked",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date of the check, YYYY-MM-DD (2026-10-16 in every row)"
     },
     {
      "name": "consequence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the result changes for the analysis and the strategies that rely on the claim, in English"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "line",
   "chapter": "The line",
   "rows": 31,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/R1-redteam-tax/claims.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "line-tax-strategy-audit",
   "path": "tables/line/tax-strategy-audit.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "The tax red team's audit of each strategy",
   "description": "One row per strategy or compatibility pair whose tax premises the tax red team (an adversarial review) audited on 16 October 2026: 68 rows (14 small-team products, 25 capital strategies, 18 combinations of seams and 11 pairs of stacks/stack-compatibility), 26 found sound and 42 needing a fix, none unsound. Each row was tested for verbatim quotes against the compiled law, window dates, arithmetic, an abuse line consistent with the rules on simulation and evasion, and fair risk and confidence ratings. The verdicts were given before the fixes; the strategy lists applied the corrections afterwards, so strategies/strategies and stacks/stack-compatibility already hold the corrected fields.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 155177,
   "hash": "sha256:60dca338b105ce548af92ff66bc618798239fd341f42ed30573a14728b3e1365",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the list the audited item belongs to, as a code: 'S1' small-team products, 'S2' capital strategies, 'S4' combinations of seams and their compatibility pairs"
     },
     {
      "name": "strategy_id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "identifier of the audited item: a strategy id (joins id in strategies/strategies) or, for compatibility pairs, the pair_id of stacks/stack-compatibility"
     },
     {
      "name": "title",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title of the audited item, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "verdict",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'sound' holds as written (26 rows) or 'fix' holds once the fields in corrected_fields are changed (42); 'unsound' does not occur"
     },
     {
      "name": "issues",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the audit found, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "corrected_fields",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the corrections, as 'field = new value' or 'field add = text', several separated by ';' or ' | '; empty when none (25 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "sources",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the sources checked: official URLs, corpus norms with articles, and verification checks matchable to claim_id in line/tax-claims-checked"
     },
     {
      "name": "date_checked",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date of the audit, YYYY-MM-DD (2026-10-16 in every row)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "line",
   "chapter": "The line",
   "rows": 68,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/R1-redteam-tax/strategies_audit.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "line-labor-claims-checked",
   "path": "tables/line/labor-claims-checked.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Labour and regulatory claims checked against the official text",
   "description": "One row per factual claim on labour law, regulation or federal-state conflict that the labour and regulatory red team (an adversarial review) checked against official texts on 16 October 2026: 74 rows, 37 confirmed, 32 corrected, 3 refuted and 2 unresolved. Sources were taken in order: the law on planalto.gov.br or normas.leg.br or in the corpus; STF, TST (the Superior Labour Court) and STJ pages; Senate and Chamber pages; state sites; ministry, agency and Central Bank pages. Press and law-firm pages served only to locate a primary source; where none existed two independent sources had to agree or the verdict is unresolved, and 'no ADI found' means a negative web search, not a query of the STF case registry.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 151350,
   "hash": "sha256:cc935cd0933f291ea4947b56f024837a0e84f1eee47d4eae21b6eed2f4c65985",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "claim_id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "identifier of the check: 'L' followed by a number, with a letter for sub-claims; cited in the evidence and sources of other tables (unrelated to the row ids of payers/who-pays, which also start with L)"
     },
     {
      "name": "claim",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the claim as stated in the analysis or the strategies, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "module",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "where the claim came from, as internal labels (an analysis module by number, with or without its topic name; a strategy list; or the facts reconciled across the analysis), separated by ';'"
     },
     {
      "name": "verdict",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'confirmed' as stated (37 rows), 'corrected' substance right but a number, article, date or condition wrong (32), 'refuted' wrong (3), 'unresolved' no primary source found or not yet determinable (2)"
     },
     {
      "name": "correct_statement",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the verified statement, with the correction where there is one, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "source_url",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URLs of the pages read, separated by ' ; '"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the decisive passage, verbatim in Portuguese, introduced by the act and article"
     },
     {
      "name": "date_checked",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date of the check, YYYY-MM-DD (2026-10-16 in every row)"
     },
     {
      "name": "consequence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the result changes for the analysis and the strategies that rely on the claim, in English"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "line",
   "chapter": "The line",
   "rows": 74,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/R2-redteam-labor-reg/claims.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "line-labor-strategy-audit",
   "path": "tables/line/labor-strategy-audit.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "The labour red team's audit of each strategy",
   "description": "One row per item whose labour, regulatory and constitutional-conflict premises the labour and regulatory red team (an adversarial review) audited on 16 October 2026: 96 rows covering the strategies of all four lists, the rows of payers/who-pays, 8 pairs of stacks/stack-compatibility and the written reports of three lists; 68 found sound and 28 needing a fix, none unsound. Items with nothing in the team's scope (20 rows) are marked sound with a note saying so, their tax side being left to the tax red team (line/tax-strategy-audit). The verdicts were given before the fixes; the lists applied the corrections afterwards.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 74158,
   "hash": "sha256:cc696070a0f166d01b4775ef7f2a47c592cf04a8cf9051b9512cefbcc3a0f3a4",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "source",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the list the audited item belongs to, as a code: 'S1' small-team products, 'S2' capital strategies, 'S3' public-interest actions and the payers/who-pays rows, 'S4' combinations of seams and their compatibility pairs"
     },
     {
      "name": "strategy_id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "identifier of the audited item: a strategy id (joins id in strategies/strategies); for other items the list code followed by the row id of payers/who-pays, by 'L-tax' for that table's tax rows taken together, by 'C' and the number of a pair in stacks/stack-compatibility, or by 'report' for a list's written report"
     },
     {
      "name": "title",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "title of the audited item, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "verdict",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "'sound' holds as written or has nothing in the team's scope (68 rows), 'fix' holds once the fields in corrected_fields are changed (28); 'unsound' does not occur"
     },
     {
      "name": "issues",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the audit found, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "corrected_fields",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the corrections, as 'field = new value' or 'field += added text', several separated by ' | ' or ';'; empty when none (66 rows)"
     },
     {
      "name": "sources",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the sources checked: corpus norms with articles, official URLs, and verification checks matchable to claim_id in line/labor-claims-checked; empty for 7 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "date_checked",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "date of the audit, YYYY-MM-DD (2026-10-16 in every row)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "line",
   "chapter": "The line",
   "rows": 96,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/R2-redteam-labor-reg/strategies_audit.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "payers-who-pays",
   "path": "tables/payers/who-pays.csv",
   "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
   "title": "Who loses from each seam, and the public lever against it",
   "description": "One row per seam of the law with who loses from it, how much, who could fix it and with what public instrument: 31 rows. Compiled from the analysis and the checks in line/tax-claims-checked and line/labor-claims-checked: magnitudes come from the analysis tables (tax expenditures from the DGT, the Receita Federal's yearly statement of tax expenditures, and the states' 2026 budget-guideline bills) or are estimates marked as such, and who loses is often an inference, since distribution data do not exist. The money columns are yearly reais and are filled only for the 9 rows with a national yearly figure, and tax expenditures there are gross revenue forgone at current behaviour, not what a repeal would raise; the other rows give their magnitude per worker, per firm or as a count in magnitude and magnitude_basis.",
   "format": "csv",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "encoding": "utf-8",
   "bytes": 43532,
   "hash": "sha256:139f14c21b0f72fd92469bb657db7ce583d7a540a73db60fedff798d148d9381",
   "schema": {
    "fields": [
     {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "identifier of the row, 'L' followed by two digits (01 to 31); the labour red team's audit refers to it in line/labor-strategy-audit"
     },
     {
      "name": "asymmetry",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the seam, in one line, in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "asymmetry_type",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "type of seam: jurisdictional (state against state), vertical (federal against state), regime (legal form or tax regime), threshold (a number where treatment jumps), temporal (before and after a date), definitional (one term, several meanings), enforcement (a rule without sanction or enforcing organ), informational (law that exists but cannot be read)"
     },
     {
      "name": "losers",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "who loses, in English (e.g. social security (RGPS, the general pension regime), the Treasury, workers, small firms, residents of a state)"
     },
     {
      "name": "magnitude",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the size of the loss in words, with figures and units (R$ a year, R$ per worker-year, counts of norms or states)"
     },
     {
      "name": "magnitude_low_brl_year",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "low yearly loss, R$ a year; empty for the 22 rows without a national yearly figure"
     },
     {
      "name": "magnitude_high_brl_year",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "high yearly loss, R$ a year; empty for the same 22 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "magnitude_basis",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "what the magnitude measures (e.g. 'yearly gross tax expenditure', 'per worker-year; no national total', 'count of norms', 'not measured')"
     },
     {
      "name": "fixers",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "who can fix it (Congress, the STF, the Receita Federal, state assemblies and finance secretariats, labour inspection, prosecutors...), separated by ';'"
     },
     {
      "name": "instrument",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the public lever proposed (a bill, a request under the LAI, the freedom-of-information law, an amicus brief, an audit, a public dataset...), in English"
     },
     {
      "name": "tractability",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "judged ease of fixing it: 'high' (12 rows), 'medium' (13) or 'low' (5); empty for 1 row"
     },
     {
      "name": "tractability_note",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the reason for the tractability judgement, in English; empty for 7 rows"
     },
     {
      "name": "legal_basis",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the laws and articles behind the seam (CLT: the consolidated labour laws; LC: Lei Complementar; CF: the Federal Constitution)"
     },
     {
      "name": "quote",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "the operative words of the law, verbatim in Portuguese, introduced by the act and article"
     },
     {
      "name": "evidence",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "references to the analysis behind the row: report sections and working tables of the original analysis and the verification checks that confirmed or corrected it (matchable to claim_id in line/tax-claims-checked and line/labor-claims-checked); the file references point to the original working files, not to tables in this release"
     },
     {
      "name": "brief_check",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "how the row compares with the claim the analysis started from: 'holds' (with the confirmed figure), 'corrected: ...' (what changed) or 'new' (not among the starting claims; meaning inferred from the values)"
     }
    ]
   },
   "group": "payers",
   "chapter": "Who pays",
   "rows": 31,
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "leis-asymmetries/findings/S3-public/losers.csv"
    }
   ]
  },
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   "name": "modules-corpus-repair-readme.md",
   "path": "modules/corpus-repair/README.md",
   "format": "md",
   "group": "modules",
   "mediatype": "text/markdown",
   "bytes": 4497,
   "encoding": "utf-8"
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  {
   "name": "modules-corpus-repair-census.json",
   "path": "modules/corpus-repair/census.json",
   "format": "json",
   "group": "modules",
   "mediatype": "application/json",
   "bytes": 168,
   "encoding": "utf-8"
  },
  {
   "name": "modules-corpus-repair-fragments.csv",
   "path": "modules/corpus-repair/fragments.csv",
   "format": "csv",
   "group": "modules",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "bytes": 2493753,
   "encoding": "utf-8"
  },
  {
   "name": "modules-corpus-repair-planalto.csv",
   "path": "modules/corpus-repair/planalto.csv",
   "format": "csv",
   "group": "modules",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "bytes": 934872,
   "encoding": "utf-8"
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  {
   "name": "modules-corpus-repair-report.md",
   "path": "modules/corpus-repair/report.md",
   "format": "md",
   "group": "modules",
   "mediatype": "text/markdown",
   "bytes": 31311,
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  {
   "name": "modules-corpus-verification-readme.md",
   "path": "modules/corpus-verification/README.md",
   "format": "md",
   "group": "modules",
   "mediatype": "text/markdown",
   "bytes": 8156,
   "encoding": "utf-8"
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  {
   "name": "modules-corpus-verification-census_decade.csv",
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   "format": "csv",
   "group": "modules",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "bytes": 2078,
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   "name": "modules-corpus-verification-census_tipo.csv",
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   "format": "csv",
   "group": "modules",
   "mediatype": "text/csv",
   "bytes": 400,
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  {
   "name": "modules-corpus-verification-date_anomalies.csv",
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   "group": "modules",
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}